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ANAT 316 > Perineum > Flashcards

Perineum Flashcards

1
Q

The Perineum

A

-Lies inferior to the pelvic floor b/t the lower limbs
-Formed from soft tissue inferior to the pelvic floor, ending with skin

Important:
Superficial= inferior, closer to skin
Deep= superior, closer to pelvic diaphragm

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2
Q

Pelvic Floor Review (6 Components)

A

-Obturator internus
-Levator ani group
-Coccygeus
-Piriformis
-Urogenital hiatus
-Rectal hiatus

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3
Q

Borders of Perineum

A

Anterior= pubic symphysis
Posterior= coccyx/sacrum
Lateral= ischial tuberosity and ischiopubic ramus

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4
Q

Triangles of the Perineum

A
  1. Urogenital triangle
    -Anterior portion of perineum
    -Bounded by pubic symphysis and ischial tuberosities
  2. Anal triangle
    -Posterior portion of perineum
    -Bounded by ischial tuberosities and coccyx
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5
Q

Male Genitalia (3)

A
  1. Penis
  2. Scrotum
  3. Urethra
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6
Q

Penis Components (5 + 1)

A

Body:
-Glans
-Corpus cavernosum
-Corpus spongiosum

Root:
-Crus
-Bulb

*deep penile artery

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7
Q

Urethra (7)

A
  1. Prostatic urethra
  2. Membranous urethra
  3. Spongy urethra
  4. External urethral orifice
  5. External urethral sphincter- surrounds entire urethra
  6. Urethrovaginal sphincter- surrounds urethra and vagina
  7. Compresser urethrae- surrounds anterior urethra
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8
Q

Female Genitalia (4 + 1)

A
  1. Mons pubis
  2. Prepuce of clitoris
  3. Clitoris
  4. Labia majora and minora

*pudendal cleft= space b/t labia majora and minora

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9
Q

Female Genitalia- Vestibule

A

Anterior= clitoris
Lateral= labia minora
Posterior= fourchette

Contains:
-External urethral orifice
-Vaginal orifice
-Bulb of vestibule
-Greater vestibular glands

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10
Q

Erectile Tissue (5 Components)

A

Root:
-Crus of clitoris
-Bulb of vestibule
-Greater vestibular gland

Body:
-Body of clitoris (corpora cavernosa)
-Glans of clitoris

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11
Q

Urogenital Triangle Layers (6)

A

Superficial to deep:
-Skin
-Perineal fascia
-Superficial perineal pouch
-Perineal membrane
-Deep perineal pouch
-Pelvic floor

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12
Q

Deep Perineal Pouch

A

-B/t pelvic floor superiorly, and perineal membrane inferiorly
-Lies superior to perineal membrane
-Forms the external urethral sphincter

Males:
-Deep transverse perineal muscle
-External urethral sphincter (voluntary control, surrounds membranous urethra)

Females:
-Deep transverse perineal muscle
-External urethral sphincter
-Urethrovaginal sphincter
-Compressor urethrae

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13
Q

Perineal Membrane

A

Superior= deep perineal pouch
Inferior= superficial perineal pouch

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14
Q

Superficial Perineal Pouch

A

-B/t perineal membrane superiorly, and deep perineal fascia inferiorly
-Lies inferior to the perineal membrane
-Superior limit= perineal membrane
-Inferior limit= Colles’ fascia

Males:
-Superficial transverse perineal muscle
-Bulbospongiosus (compresses bulb of penis during erection)
-Ischiocavernosus (compresses crus of penis during ercetion)

Females:
-Superficial transverse perineal muscle
-Bulbospongiosus (compresses bulb of clitoris during orgasm)
-Ischiocavernosus (compresses crus of clitoris during orgasm)

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15
Q

Perineal Fascia

A

Superficial layer:
-Continuous with Camper’s fascia of anterior abdominal wall

Deep layer:
-Continuous with Scarpa’s fascia of the anterior abdominal wall
-Colles’ fascia

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16
Q

Perineal Body

A

Convergence/interlacing of:
-Bulbospongiosus
-Superficial/deep perineal muscles
-External anal sphincter
-Pelvic floor muscles

17
Q

Anal Triangle Contents (4)

A

-Anal aperture
-External anal sphincter
-Ischiorectal fossa
-Pudendal canal

18
Q

Ischiorectal Fossa Borders (4)

A

Superior= levator ani
Inferior= perineal fascia
Lateral= obturator internus
Medial= external anal sphincter

19
Q

Pudendal Canal

A

Neurovasculature:
-Pudendal nerve
-Internal pudendal artery
-Internal pudendal vein

20
Q

Anal Canal Components (4)

A
  1. Rectal ampulla
  2. Anal canal
  3. External anal sphincter (voluntary; compresses to keep sphincter shut)
  4. Internal anal sphincter (involuntary; relaxed during normal defecation)
21
Q

Blood Supply Perineum

A

Abdominal aorta -> common iliac artery -> external iliac artery -> internal iliac artery -> internal pudendal artery

*abdominal aorta bifurcation at L4, common iliac bifurcation at sacroiliac joint

ANAT 316 (22 decks)

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