Oral Cavity and Esophagus Flashcards
Oral Cavity 2 Areas
- Oral Vestibule
- Oral Cavity Proper
Oral Vestibule Components (3)
- Upper Lip
- Teeth
- Lower lip
Oral Vestibule Associated Structures (3)
- Superior labial frenulum
- Gingivae
- Inferior labial frenulum
Oral Cavity Proper Components (5)
- Hard palate
- Soft palate *superior border^
- Palatoglossal arch
- Palatopharyngeal arch
- Tongue *inferior border
Oral Cavity Proper Associated Structures (3)
- Uvula
- Palatine tonsil
- Lingual frenulum
Salivary Glands (3 Main)
- Parotid gland
- Submandibular gland
- Sublingual gland
+ minor glands
*can be mucous (lubrication), serous (enzyme-containing), or seromucous (both)
Parotid Gland
-Found anterior to ears (b/t masseter and skin)
-Stenson’s Duct opens behind second upper molar
-SEROUS; produces saliva
-Supplied by cranial nerve IX (glossopharyngeal)
Submandibular Gland
-Found inferior to mandible and in b/t digastric muscles
-Wharton’s Duct opens lateral to lingual frenulum
-SEROMUCOUS; produces saliva and mucous
-Supplied by cranial nerve VII (facial nerve)
Sublingual Gland
-Found in floor of oral cavity, inferior to tongue
-Bartholin’s Duct connects with Wharton’s duct
-MUCOUS; produces mucous
-Supplied by cranial nerve VII (facial nerve)
The Tongue Main Components (6)
- Sulcus Terminalis (separates anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3 tongue)
- Lingual tonsil (on posterior tongue)
- Circumvallate papillae (has taste buds)
- Foliate papillae (has taste buds)
- Fungiform papillae (has taste buds)
- Filiform papillae (*does not have taste buds) *most anterior
Innervation of Tongue
General Sensation:
Epiglottis- CN X (vagus)
Posterior 1/3- CN IX (glossopharyngeal)
Anterior 2/3- CN V3 (trigeminal- mandibular branch)
Taste:
Epiglottis- CN X (vagus)
Posterior 1/3- CN IX (glossopharyngeal)
Anterior 2/3- CN VII (Facial- “Chorda tympani”)
*posterior part of tongue same for both, anterior different
Tooth General Anatomy (3)
- Crown
- Neck
- Root
Teeth Components (6)
- Enamel- “Ameloblasts” (white part)
- Dentin- “Odontoblasts” (middle layer)
- Pulp cavity (deep, contains blood supply and nerves)
- Periodontal ligaments (holds in motuh)
- Alveolar bone
- Apical foramen (opening where blood vessels/neurovascular enters tooth- deep)
Types of Teeth (4)
- Incisor
- Canine
- Premolar
- Molar
(anterior to posterior)
Deciduous Teeth vs Permanent Teeth
Deciduous:
Per Quadrant:
2 incisors
1 canine
2 molars
Permanent:
Per Quadrant:
2 incisors
1 canine
2 premolars
3 molars
Function of Teeth
-Increase digestive surface area (mechanical digestion)
-Work in conjunction with saliva to begin process of digestion in mouth
Esophagus Orientation
-Thoracic; posterior to trachea and aorta
-Enters abdomen at T10 at the esophageal hiatus
-Joins stomach at cardiac orifice
-Continuation of oropharynx (esophageal muscles continue from pharyngeal constrictors)
Esophagus Superior vs Inferior Portion
Superior= voluntary
Inferior= autonomic
Has 2 sphincters:
-Upper esophageal sphincter UES (protect against reflux of food into airways and prevent entry of air into digestive tract)
-Lower esophageal sphincter LES (protection of the esophagus from highly acidic stomach secretions)
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
-Impaired LES
-“Heartburn”, dysphagia, nausea
-Treated with lifestyle modifications and drugs like proton-pump inhibitors
Mechanism of Swallowing (3 Stages)
- Oral Phase
- Pharyngeal Phase
- Esophageal Phase
Oral Phase of Swallowing
-Food broken down mechanically and chemically
-Bolus moved posteriorly until it reaches oropharynx
*Voluntary
Pharyngeal Phase of Swallowing
-Soft palate and epiglottis close (breathing stops)
-Pharyngeal constrictors move bolus inferiorly until it reaches the UES
*autonomic
Esophageal Phase of Swallowing
-Bolus passes through UES
-Peristalsis occurs, pushing bolus down esophagus
-Bolus passes through LES into stomach
