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ANAT 316 > Abdominal Viscera 1 > Flashcards

Abdominal Viscera 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Peritoneum

A

-Serous membrane around abdominal viscera
-Lines the walls of abdominal and pelvic cavities and covers many organs
-Forms a sac that encloses the peritoneal cavity

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2
Q

Peritoneum- Parietal and Visceral

A

2 main types of peritoneum:

  1. Parietal= “of walls”
    -Lines inferior surface of diaphragm, abdominal and pelvic walls, roof over pelvic viscera
  2. Visceral= “of organs”
    -Covers organs
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3
Q

Peritoneal Cavity

A

Greater sac:
-Diaphragm -> pelvis

Lesser sac:
-Behind the stomach
Can extend:
Upward -> diaphragm
Downward -> b/t layers of greater omentum
Left -> spleen
Right -> epiploic foramen of Winslow

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4
Q

Epiploic Foramen of Winslow

A

Only natural communication/opening b/t greater sac and lesser sac

Borders:
Anterior= free border of lesser omentum
Posterior= IVC
Superior= liver (caudate lobe)
Inferior= 1st part of duodenum

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5
Q

Peritoneum- Intraperitoneal (5 Organs)

A

Completely covered by peritoneum

-Liver, stomach, spleen, jejunum, iliem

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6
Q

Peritoneal- Retroperitoneal

A

Anterior surface covered, along posterior wall

-SAD PUCKER
Suprarenal/adrenal glands
Abdominal aorta and IVC
Duodenum (parts 2-4)
Pancreas
Ureters
Colon (ascending and descending)
Kidneys
Esophagus
Rectum (proximal 1/3)

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7
Q

Peritoneum Innervation (Intra vs. Retro)

A

Parietal- Retroperitoneal
-Segmental nerves: overlying skin and muscles (T6-L1)
-Phrenic nerves
-Pain is well localized

Visceral- Intraperitoneal
-Visceral afferents
-Pain is poorly localized (b/c of visceral afferent nerves= less localized nerves)

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8
Q

Peritoneum- Double Peritoneal Folds (4)

A
  1. Mesentary (in b/t mesentary lies arteries and veins)
  2. Lesser omentum (lesser curvature)
  3. Greater omentum (greater curvature)
  4. Ligaments
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9
Q

Gut Tube (3 Components)

A
  1. Foregut
  2. Midgut
  3. Hindgut
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10
Q

Foregut (8 Components)

A

-Abdominal esophagus to proximal 1/2 of duodenum
-Structures: esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, pancreas, proximal duodenum
-Celiac trunk

*DIGESTION

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11
Q

Midgut (8 Components)

A

-Distal 1/2 duodenum to proximal 2/3 of transverse colon
-Structures: distal duodenum, jejunum, ilium, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, proximal 2/3 transverse colon
-Superior mesenteric artery (SMA)

*ABSORPTION

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12
Q

Hindgut (5 Components)

A

-Distal 1/3 of transverse colon to proximal anal canal
-Structures: distal 1/3 transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, upper anal canal
-Inferior mesenteric artery (IMA)

*REMOVAL

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13
Q

Foregut: Celiac trunk branching

A
  1. Common hepatic artery
  2. Left gastric artery
  3. Splenic artery
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14
Q

Midgut: SMA branching

A
  1. Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
  2. Middle colic artery
  3. Right colic artery
  4. Ileocolic artery
  5. Jejunal arteries
  6. Ileal arteries
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15
Q

Hindgut: IMA branching

A
  1. Left colic artery
  2. Sigmoidal arteries
  3. Superior rectal artery
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16
Q

Abdominal Esophagus (Foregut)

A

-Mechanical digestion and transfer of bolus to stomach
-Passing through diaphragm-> esophageal hiatus (T10) and lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
-Blood supply= esophageal branch of left gastric artery

“I ate (T8) 10 Eggs (T10) At 12 (T12)”
-IVC at T8, Esophagus at T10, Aorta at T12

17
Q

Stomach Components (9)

A
  1. Esophagus
  2. Cardia
  3. Fundus
  4. Body
  5. Pyloric antrum
  6. Pyloric canal
  7. Duodenum

Inside:
8. Rugae (increase surface area, allow for expansion and contraction)
9. Pyloric sphincter

18
Q

Stomach Blood Supply

A

Greater curvature:
-Right and left gastro-omental arteries (R. off gastroduodenal artery, L. off splenic artery)

Lesser curvature:
-Right and left gastric arteries (off hepatic artery proper)

Fundus:
-Short gastric arteries (off splenic artery)

19
Q

Small Intestine

A

-Breaking down proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and absorption
-Specialization of surface area

Pyloric orifice -> ileocecal junction

20
Q

Duodenum

A

-20-25cm
-1st part of the small intestine
-C-shaped
-Mostly retroperitoneal

21
Q

Duodenum (4 Parts)

A

1st Part:
-Superior portion
-Contains duodenal cap
-INTRAPERITONEAL

2nd Part:
-Descending portion
-Contains minor and major papilla, hepatopancreatic Ampulla of Vater
-RETROPERITONEAL

3rd Part:
-Inferior/horizontal portion, inferior to the SMA
-RETROPERITONEAL

4th Part:
-Ascending portion
-Suspensory ligament of the duodenum (holds it up), contains duodenojejunal flexure
-RETROPERITONEAL

22
Q

Duodenum Blood Supply

A

1st and 2nd part: foregut (proximal duodenum) = anterior and posterior SUPERIOR pancreaticoduodenal arteries

3rd and 4th part: midgut (distal duodenum) = anterior and posterior INFERIOR pancreaticduodenal arteries

23
Q

Jejunum and Ileum

A

Jejunum:
-L. upper quadrant
-Begins at the duodenojejunal flexure
-Contains plicae circularis

Ileum:
-R. lower quadrant
-Ends at the ileocecal junction
-Contains Peyer’s Patch

*Both contain mesentary proper in between (blood supply is found within)

24
Q

Jejunum and Ileum- Blood Supply

A

Superior Mesenteric Artery

Jejunal arteries -> arterial arcades -> vasa recta
Ileal arteries -> arterial arcades -> vasa recta

*Ileum more arcades and vasa recta (vasa recta shorter)
*Jujunum less arcades and vasa recta (vasa recta longer)

“I Love Arcades” -> Ileum more

ANAT 316 (22 decks)

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