Performance Enhancing Drugs Flashcards
who used plant-based stimulants?
Ancient Greeks and Aztecs
what were athletic competitions developed for?
For training for war by tribal societies
what is strychnine
low dose = CNS stimulant
high dose = convulsion and death
who used strychnine and why?
boxers used them to become more aggressive and keep them from tiring quickly
When was the St. Louis Olympic marathon winner and what happened?
1904
mixed brandy and strychnine
collapsed and had to be revived
how was cocaine used and when
available since 1800s
Mariani’s coca wine used by the French cycling team
what was the original term for doping and how was it used?
i is the opposite of what it is now. An effort to impair performance
-used brandy to slow race horses and dogs
why were amphetamines used? what made them good?
more potent than caffeine
safer than strychnine
what is pep?
an amphetamine used by boxers, cyclists, soccer players
When did drug testing begin?
1960s
who died during 1967 Tour de France
Tommy Simpson from amphetamines
When did the International Olympic Committee establish rules to disqualify any athlete who used banned drugs or refused to be tested?
1968
when did NFL ban distribution of amphetamines
1971
were amphetamines restricted in 1971?
No. players could still obtain it on their own. Use of pep pills
who first started using testosterone and when
Soviets
1950s
when did testing for steroids begin?
1970s
who were the first international athletes found guilty of taking steroids
Bulgaria, Romania, Poland
BRP - big, eat a lot,-> burp = body builder - steroid
Who was Ben Johnson?
1987 World record holder but he was disqualified for steroid doping
What was the result of the Johnson Olympic scandal?
Gov’t of Canada to establish a COmmision of Inquiry into the use of drugs and banned practices (1989)
what was the drug developed by BALCO?
THG tetrahydrogestrinone
what pro sports organization still allows ephedrine
MLB
what are two effects of steroids?
androgenic effects (masculinizing) anabolic effects (tissure building)
why is it difficult to do randomized blinded control trials on steroids
because steroids produce detectable psychological effects
anabolic steroids mimic effects of:
endogenous hormones:
- testosterone
- dihydrotestosterone
anabolic steroids are ___ soluble
fat
anabolic steroids are which schedule?
4
what is the penalty for buying or selling steroids
18 months prison
human growth hormone
beta-2-subtype of adrenergic receptors
used in treating asthma
what the blood doping?
increase number of rbc in bloodstream
when was blood doping prohibited by the International Olympic Committee?
1984
action of creatine
helps regenerate ATP (energy for muscles)
good for short-distance sprints
not for long-term events
