Performance Enhancing Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

who used plant-based stimulants?

A

Ancient Greeks and Aztecs

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2
Q

what were athletic competitions developed for?

A

For training for war by tribal societies

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3
Q

what is strychnine

A

low dose = CNS stimulant

high dose = convulsion and death

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4
Q

who used strychnine and why?

A

boxers used them to become more aggressive and keep them from tiring quickly

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5
Q

When was the St. Louis Olympic marathon winner and what happened?

A

1904
mixed brandy and strychnine
collapsed and had to be revived

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6
Q

how was cocaine used and when

A

available since 1800s

Mariani’s coca wine used by the French cycling team

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7
Q

what was the original term for doping and how was it used?

A

i is the opposite of what it is now. An effort to impair performance
-used brandy to slow race horses and dogs

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8
Q

why were amphetamines used? what made them good?

A

more potent than caffeine

safer than strychnine

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9
Q

what is pep?

A

an amphetamine used by boxers, cyclists, soccer players

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10
Q

When did drug testing begin?

A

1960s

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11
Q

who died during 1967 Tour de France

A

Tommy Simpson from amphetamines

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12
Q

When did the International Olympic Committee establish rules to disqualify any athlete who used banned drugs or refused to be tested?

A

1968

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13
Q

when did NFL ban distribution of amphetamines

A

1971

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14
Q

were amphetamines restricted in 1971?

A

No. players could still obtain it on their own. Use of pep pills

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15
Q

who first started using testosterone and when

A

Soviets

1950s

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16
Q

when did testing for steroids begin?

17
Q

who were the first international athletes found guilty of taking steroids

A

Bulgaria, Romania, Poland

BRP - big, eat a lot,-> burp = body builder - steroid

18
Q

Who was Ben Johnson?

A

1987 World record holder but he was disqualified for steroid doping

19
Q

What was the result of the Johnson Olympic scandal?

A

Gov’t of Canada to establish a COmmision of Inquiry into the use of drugs and banned practices (1989)

20
Q

what was the drug developed by BALCO?

A

THG tetrahydrogestrinone

21
Q

what pro sports organization still allows ephedrine

22
Q

what are two effects of steroids?

A
androgenic effects (masculinizing)
anabolic effects (tissure building)
23
Q

why is it difficult to do randomized blinded control trials on steroids

A

because steroids produce detectable psychological effects

24
Q

anabolic steroids mimic effects of:

A

endogenous hormones:

  • testosterone
  • dihydrotestosterone
25
anabolic steroids are ___ soluble
fat
26
anabolic steroids are which schedule?
4
27
what is the penalty for buying or selling steroids
18 months prison
28
human growth hormone
beta-2-subtype of adrenergic receptors | used in treating asthma
29
what the blood doping?
increase number of rbc in bloodstream
30
when was blood doping prohibited by the International Olympic Committee?
1984
31
action of creatine
helps regenerate ATP (energy for muscles) good for short-distance sprints not for long-term events