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HSCI 180 > Hallucinogen > Flashcards

Hallucinogen Flashcards

1
Q

The use of hallucinogenic drugs in many religions is consistent with a belief in:

A

animism

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2
Q

LSD was synthesized in:

A

1938.

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3
Q

The League for Spiritual Discovery was started by ______.

A

Timothy Leary

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4
Q

Studies of LSD have shown that:

A

tolerance develops rapidly.

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5
Q

The peyote cactus contains

A

mescaline.

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6
Q

Which of the following drugs is normally ineffective when taken orally?

A

DMT

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7
Q

Harmaline, found in ayahuasca, accentuates the effect of:

A

DMT

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8
Q

Ecstasy typically, but not always, contains:

A

MDMA

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9
Q

Angel dust is the nickname for:

A

PCP

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10
Q

The plant associated with flying witches and Black Mass is:

A

belladonna.

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11
Q

types of hallucinogens

A

phantastica - fantasy world
psychedelic - mind-viewing visionary
psychotomimetic - psychosis; altered sense of reality

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12
Q

what is a substance that creates a spirtiual/religious experience

A

entheogen

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13
Q

what is a substance that enhances empathy?

A

entactogen

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14
Q

how are halucinogens classified

A
  • chem structure
  • phamracological properties
  • extent of loss of awareness
  • how dangerous
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15
Q

two major groups of hallucinogens

A
  1. classical phantastica - alter perceptions while allowing user to remain in communication with the present world
  2. deliriants - produce mental confusion
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16
Q

indole hallucinogen

A

drugs that have indole structure found in serotonin

-LSD, psilocybin

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17
Q

catechol hallucinogen

A

drugs that have the catechol nucleus that forms basic structure norepinephrine and dopamine
-mescaline, MDMA

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18
Q

what is LSD synthesized from?

A

ergot fungus Claviceps purpurea

-grain infected with this mold causes illness called ergotism

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19
Q

who first synthesized LSD?

A

1938 Dr Albert Hofmann of Sandoz Labs in Switzerland

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20
Q

why is LSD so attractive?

A

intense potency

-4000x as strong as mescaline

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21
Q

Timothy Leary

A

1966: League of Spiritual Discovery

peaked in 1967 and fell in 1968

22
Q

what was LSD used to treat?

A

mental illness and alcoholism

23
Q

LSD pharmacology

A

odorless, colorless, tasteless, one of the most potent drugs ever known

no known human overdose deaths

24
Q

how is LSD absorbed?

A

rapidly through gastrointestinal tract

-usually taken orally

25
Q

LD50 and ED50 of LSD

A

LD50 is 400x ED40

26
Q

half-life of LSD?

A

3hr

27
Q

how is LSD metabolized

A

by the liver

-excreted as inactive chemical

28
Q

how fast does tolerance develop?

A

3-4 days of daily doses

  • recovery is also rapid
  • cross tolerance with mescaline and psiocybin
29
Q

what chemical does LSD resemble?

A

serotonin

-serotonin-2A subtype

30
Q

peyote, psilocybin, LSD, mescaline are all examples of

A

phantastica

31
Q

what are the two groups of phantastica

A

indole and catechol hallucinogens

32
Q

what are some examples of indole hallucinogens

A 
LSD
Psilocybin
Morning glories
Hawaiin Baby Woodrose
DMT
Ayahuasca
Tryptamines
33
Q

what was LSD originally synthesized from

A

Claviceps purpurea ergot fungus

34
Q

what is ergotism

A

infected grain

“cocks spur”

35
Q

who first synthesized LSD and when

A

Albert Hofmann

1938

36
Q

how much stronger is LSD compared to mescaline

A

4000x

37
Q

what did many scientists think could help with retrieving repressed memories?

A

LSD

38
Q

what else was LSD used to treat?

A

alcohol dependence

39
Q

what is MK-ULTRA

A

investigation of the effects of LSD on US prison inmates and patients of Canadian and US psychiatric hospitals

40
Q

who pioneered clinical research into psychic driving (treatment believed to erase harmful memories and rebuild people’s psyche)

A

Donald Cameron

41
Q

Patients at McGill University were subjected to

A

electroshock therapy

LSD

42
Q

how did recreational use of LSD start

A

Mexico 1960 by Timothy Leary

-used psilocybin (shrooms)

43
Q

when was the League of Spiritual Discovery Established

A

1966

44
Q

when did the sale, possession for the purpose of selling LSD become punishable by law

A

1962

45
Q

where is absorption of LSD rapid

A

gastrointestinal tract

46
Q

is LSD taken up selectively by the brain

A

no

47
Q

where is LSD metabolized

A

liver

48
Q

what can block the psychological effects of LSD

A

chloropromazine

serotonin receptor antagonist

49
Q

what do mescaline and other catechol hallucinogens resemble?

A

dopamine

norepinephrine

50
Q

what can block the psychological effects of catechol hallucinogens

A

s

HSCI 180 (8 decks)

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