Hallucinogen

Question 1

The use of hallucinogenic drugs in many religions is consistent with a belief in:

Answer 1

animism

Question 2

LSD was synthesized in:

Answer 2

1938.

Question 3

The League for Spiritual Discovery was started by ______.

Answer 3

Timothy Leary

Question 4

Studies of LSD have shown that:

Answer 4

tolerance develops rapidly.

Question 5

The peyote cactus contains

Answer 5

mescaline.

Question 6

Which of the following drugs is normally ineffective when taken orally?

Answer 6

DMT

Question 7

Harmaline, found in ayahuasca, accentuates the effect of:

Answer 7

DMT

Question 8

Ecstasy typically, but not always, contains:

Answer 8

MDMA

Question 9

Angel dust is the nickname for:

Answer 9

PCP

Question 10

The plant associated with flying witches and Black Mass is:

Answer 10

belladonna.

Question 11

types of hallucinogens

Answer 11

phantastica - fantasy world
psychedelic - mind-viewing visionary
psychotomimetic - psychosis; altered sense of reality

Question 12

what is a substance that creates a spirtiual/religious experience

Answer 12

entheogen

Question 13

what is a substance that enhances empathy?

Answer 13

entactogen

Question 14

how are halucinogens classified

Answer 14

• chem structure
• phamracological properties
• extent of loss of awareness
• how dangerous

Question 15

two major groups of hallucinogens

Answer 15

1. classical phantastica - alter perceptions while allowing user to remain in communication with the present world
2. deliriants - produce mental confusion

Question 16

indole hallucinogen

Answer 16

drugs that have indole structure found in serotonin

-LSD, psilocybin

Question 17

catechol hallucinogen

Answer 17

drugs that have the catechol nucleus that forms basic structure norepinephrine and dopamine
-mescaline, MDMA

Question 18

what is LSD synthesized from?

Answer 18

ergot fungus Claviceps purpurea

-grain infected with this mold causes illness called ergotism

Question 19

who first synthesized LSD?

Answer 19

1938 Dr Albert Hofmann of Sandoz Labs in Switzerland

Question 20

why is LSD so attractive?

Answer 20

intense potency

-4000x as strong as mescaline

Question 21

Timothy Leary

Answer 21

1966: League of Spiritual Discovery

peaked in 1967 and fell in 1968

Question 22

what was LSD used to treat?

Answer 22

mental illness and alcoholism

Question 23

LSD pharmacology

Answer 23

odorless, colorless, tasteless, one of the most potent drugs ever known

no known human overdose deaths

Question 24

how is LSD absorbed?

Answer 24

rapidly through gastrointestinal tract

-usually taken orally

Question 25

LD50 and ED50 of LSD

Answer 25

LD50 is 400x ED40

Question 26

half-life of LSD?

Answer 26

3hr

Question 27

how is LSD metabolized

Answer 27

by the liver | -excreted as inactive chemical

Question 28

how fast does tolerance develop?

Answer 28

3-4 days of daily doses - recovery is also rapid - cross tolerance with mescaline and psiocybin

Question 29

what chemical does LSD resemble?

Answer 29

serotonin | -serotonin-2A subtype

Question 30

peyote, psilocybin, LSD, mescaline are all examples of

Answer 30

phantastica

Question 31

what are the two groups of phantastica

Answer 31

indole and catechol hallucinogens

Question 32

what are some examples of indole hallucinogens

Answer 32

``` LSD Psilocybin Morning glories Hawaiin Baby Woodrose DMT Ayahuasca Tryptamines ```

Question 33

what was LSD originally synthesized from

Answer 33

Claviceps purpurea ergot fungus

Question 34

what is ergotism

Answer 34

infected grain | "cocks spur"

Question 35

who first synthesized LSD and when

Answer 35

Albert Hofmann | 1938

Question 36

how much stronger is LSD compared to mescaline

Answer 36

4000x

Question 37

what did many scientists think could help with retrieving repressed memories?

Answer 37

LSD

Question 38

what else was LSD used to treat?

Answer 38

alcohol dependence

Question 39

what is MK-ULTRA

Answer 39

investigation of the effects of LSD on US prison inmates and patients of Canadian and US psychiatric hospitals

Question 40

who pioneered clinical research into psychic driving (treatment believed to erase harmful memories and rebuild people's psyche)

Answer 40

Donald Cameron

Question 41

Patients at McGill University were subjected to

Answer 41

electroshock therapy | LSD

Question 42

how did recreational use of LSD start

Answer 42

Mexico 1960 by Timothy Leary | -used psilocybin (shrooms)

Question 43

when was the League of Spiritual Discovery Established

Answer 43

1966

Question 44

when did the sale, possession for the purpose of selling LSD become punishable by law

Answer 44

1962

Question 45

where is absorption of LSD rapid

Answer 45

gastrointestinal tract

Question 46

is LSD taken up selectively by the brain

Answer 46

no

Question 47

where is LSD metabolized

Answer 47

liver

Question 48

what can block the psychological effects of LSD

Answer 48

chloropromazine | serotonin receptor antagonist

Question 49

what do mescaline and other catechol hallucinogens resemble?

Answer 49

dopamine | norepinephrine

Question 50

what can block the psychological effects of catechol hallucinogens

Answer 50

s