Cannabis Flashcards
why is marijuana classified separately?
effects are varied and complex
- sedation
- pain relief
- hallucinations
what are three species of cannabis?
Cannabis sativa
- originated: asia
- for fibre: hemp rope
- lanky plant 18ft
Cannabis indica
- psychoactive resin
- 2 to 3 ft high
Cannabis ruderalis
-Russia
what is the primary psychoactive agent in cannabis?
THC (delta-9-tetra…)
where is THC concentrated in?
Resin (flowering tops)
what is Charas?
Hashish
what is ganja?
sinsemilla “without seeds”
what is Bhang?
powder that can mixed into drinks
-rare in Canada
-red oil cannabis
less than 1%
what is Hashish?
pure resin
3-8% THC (maybe up to 20%)
how to efficiently produce hashish?
boiling plants in alcohol and evaporating liquid down to thick, dark oil
more than 50% THC
what is sinsemilla
dried flowering tops of plants with female plants
-why female? females dont put energy into seed production, thus increasing potency
7-12%
what is the earliest mention of cannabis?
Chinese pharmacy 2737 BC
how did the Muslim world use cannabis?
socially by 1000AD
what is Hashishiyya?
religious cult that carried out political murders
who is the primary supplier for hash products to Canada?
Jamaica
what is the average age for initiation into cannabis?
15-24
The following is cultivated primarily for its fibres, from which hemp is made:
Cannabis sativa.
____ is a preparation of potent marijuana.
Sinsemilla
Complete elimination of one dose of THC and its metabolites may take:
2 to 3 weeks.
The endogenous substance found in the brain with marijuana-like effects is:
anandamide
One consistent physiological effect of THC is:
increased heart rate.
Which of the following effects of marijuana is reliably seen in both infrequent and regular marijuana smokers?
slowed cognitive processing
Dronabinol (Marinol) has been approved for use:
as an antiemetic in conjunction with cancer chemotherapy.
in improving appetite in patients suffering from anorexia and AIDS.
One behavioural problem associated with marijuana use is:
panic reactions.
Sativex is marketed in Canada as a treatment for dealing with neuropathic pain associated with:
MS
when was THC isolated?
1964
how is smoked marijuana absorbed?
rapidly by blood and travels to brain and then rest of the body
- 30min
- peak effects within 5-10 minutes
how is oral THC absorbed?
more slowly and the liver transforms it
- less THC reaches brain
- peak effects within 90 minutes
after one week how much THC might remain?
25-30%
what is the endogenous substance isolated from brain tissue?
anadamide
what receptors does THC bind to?
CB1. CB2
where are CB1 receptors primarily found?
brain
- basal ganglia (movement)
- cerebellum (fine body movement)
- hippocampus (memory)
- cerebral cortex (higher cognitive function_
- nucleus accumbens (reward)
where are CB1 receptors primarily found?
immune cells
what are some cardiovascular effects?
increased heart rate
what are some pulmonary effects?
bronchodilation - after acute exposure
Dronabinol (Marinol)
oral form treatement for severe nausea, vomiting associated with cancer chemo, and AIDS related anorexia
Sativex
buccal spray for neuropathy for MS,
analgesic for cancer patient
Nabilone
synthetic cannabinoid with antiemetic properties (treat vomiting)
what plays and important role in the modulation of pain
endocannbinoid system
- supraspinnal
- spinal
- peripheral
is there a DSM-5 listing for cannabis withdrawal?/
no
acute physiological effects
increased heart rate
chronic lung exposure
no evidence causes lung cancer
toxicity potential
panic
feat of loss of control and fear that things wont return to normal
reproductive effects
diminish sperm count and reduces testosterone levels in men
amotivational syndrome true?
no, there is no support tha exhbit diminished motivation
reefer madness
psychosis
but NO evidence that marijuana can increase likelihood of psychotic episodes. Users typically use marijuana in conjunction with other psychoactive drugs
cannabidiol
produces anxiolytic and antipsychotic effects rather than psychoactive effects
