Caffine Flashcards
Caffeine classification
stimulant (eg. amphetamines, cocaine)
xanthine/methylxanthine
- theophylline (tea)
- theobromine (chocolate)
coffee consumption (statistics canada)
increased from 96->106L (from 1990->2009)
factors => difference in coffee consumption
gender,
location,
age
caffeine origins
- name?
- places and when?
- name from qaweh (Arabic)
- story: Ethiopian goat herder
- Egypt (15th century)
- Middle East (16th century)
- Europe (17th century)
coffee houses
- when?
- purpose?
- England (1650)
- France (1671)
- place to relax, learn news, seal bargains, to plot
- “hotbeds of seditious talk and slanderous attacks upon persons in high stations”
The Women’s Petition Against Coffee
- when?
- why?
- 1674
- claims men used too much coffee => impotence
British Act
-what was the result?
- tea drinker = allegiance to the queen
- coffee became the US’ national drink
what caused a decrease in coffee consumption
-changing lifestyles (eg. canned drinks)
roasting coffee
- origins
- why?
- commercial?
- Middle East
- improve flavor, aroma, color
-commercial roasting (1790) in NYC
coffee worldwide
-biggest producer? why?
- Dutch began production in 1696
- Latin America = ideal climate for coffee growing => became the largest producer
species of coffee
coffea arabica
- milder, longer to develop, near-tropical climate
- more expensive, more desirable
coffea robusta
- stronger, more bitter,
- high caffeine content
- less expensive blends; instant coffee
caffeine removal process
-North America: unroasted beans soaked in organic solvent (methylene chloride)
Swiss water process
-removes more of the coffee’s flavor when decaffinating
Fair Trade Coffee
organized social movement and a market based approach to selling coffee
- help producers in developing countries
- higher wages to producers and higher social and environmental condition
- poverty alleviation and sustainable deveopment
Coffee became America’s favourite drink because:
the British Tax Act resulted in the refusal by many to drink tea.
U.S. Coffee consumption reached an all-time high of 9 kilograms per capita in:
1946,
after World War II.
Brazil is the world’s leading coffee producer, but which country is number two?
Vietnam
The caffeine that is removed from decaffeinated coffee:
mostly used in soft drinks.
Oxidized tea is called:
black tea
Europeans first encountered chocolate in:
mexico
Present-day Coca-Cola contains:
extract of decocainized coca leaves and cola nuts.
A fairly large amount of caffeine is included in some over-the-counter:
analgesics, like Excedrin.
Caffeine blocks this inhibitory neurotransmitter:
adenosine
Some studies suggest that caffeine consumption may:
increase the chances of spontaneous abortion.
tea origins
Chinese manuscript (350 CE) as medicinal nonmedicinal (780 CE)
1559 Europe
1610 Dutch
English East India Company
formed in 1600
monopoly on everything from the east coast of Africa across the Pacific to the west coast of South America
concentrated on importing spices
- first tea from Dutch to England
- expanded: China->England
What was the result of Britain banning Dutch imports of tea in 1669?
- gave English East India Company a monopoly
- profit from the China tea trade colonized India
- brought Opium wars
- English switched from coffee -> tea
What increased tea drinking campaign?
- low cost on tea
- advertising
- high tax on alcohol
Stamp Act
- 1765
- tax on tea
- repealed in 1766 but replaced with Trade and Revenue Act of 1767
- boycott on consumption of English tea
result of the stamp act?
increase in coffee, but also increase in smuggling of tea
Boston Tea Party
revolution and rejection of tea by American colonists:
- increase in tea sales in Britain
- tea drinker = loyal to the crown
nonoxidized tea leave
green tea
partially-oxidized tea
oolong tea
what are some health benefits of drinking tea?
various amino acids
antioxidants
black tea is made from the leaves of what plant?
Camellia sinesis
which tea has the highest caffeine content? and how much per cup?
black tea
40mg of caffeine/cup
effects of theophylline?
relaxes bronchial passages
chocolate origins
- choclatl
- from cacao bush
- originally a thick liquid sometimes frothy and eaten with a spoon
According to Stats Canada, coffee consumption increased from ____L to ____L per person in 2009
96
106
When did caffeine spread to Egypt? Middle East? Europe?
1400s
1500s
1600s
where did caffeine originate from?
Ethiopia
What was the Womens Petition Against Coffee?
women went against coffee stating that it made men impotent
when and where did the Womens petition against coffee happen?
England 1674
what is the movement that works to help producers in developing countries called?
Fair Trade Coffee
What was Canada’s first fair trade town?
Wolfville, Nova Scotia
how large is the Canadian market for tea and coffee?
1.5 billion
How much of Canada’s largest coffee chain have of the coffee market in Canada?
76% of the market dominated by Tim Hortons
Tim Hortons outlets are popular in
US
United Arab Emirates
Kandahar
how was coffee originally consumed?
people chewed on beans or put them in hot water
when did commercial roasting happen?
1790
when did vacuum packing for long-term storage of ground coffee happen?
1900
what are the variants of coffee?
caffea arabica
caffe robusta
what kind of variant is grown near tropical climates?
arabica
which variant is the stronger and more bitter one?
robusta
which blend has higher caffeine content?
robusta
how to decaffeinate coffee?
soaking unroasted beans in organic solvent
what is a process not widely used to decaf coffee?
Alternative Swiss water process
where did tea originate from?
China
what is the scientific name for Tea
Camellia sinesis
when did the dutch first deliver tea to Europe?
1610
how are tea leaves prepared?
dried
rolled
fermented (oxidized)
what countries grow the most tea?
Sri Lanka
India
Indonesia
what is the greenish-brown tea? why is it this color
oolong tea
partially oxidized leaves
which tea has the highest caffeine content?
black tea
which tea has fully oxidized tea? which tea has nonoxidized leaves?
black tea
green tea
tea contains which chemical?
theophylline
what is theophylline good at?
relaxing bronchial passage
for asthmatics
how much caffeine does a cup of tea typically have?
40-60mg
where did chocolate originate from?
mesoamerica
what is the legend of coffee?
cacao tree was gift to humans from Aztec god
what does Theobroma mean?
food of the gods
what does chocolatl mean?
choco - warm
latl - beverage
what is the Aztec process?
cacao pods sun dried then roasted to remove husk
kernels were ground to obtain thick liquid
until when was the Aztec process used?
1828
what is the Dutch patent?
removes 2/3 of fat and produces a powder
when and who introduced milk chocolate?
1876
Dutch
what does the xanthine theobromine do?
similar to caffeine but less potent in CNS effet
how much caffeine does a typical cup of cocoa contain?
4mg
what was developed as nerve tonic in the late 1800s
coca-cola
what were the two ingredient coca-cola was named after?
coca (leaves)
kola (nuts)
up until when did coca cola containe cocaine?
1906
what is guaranine?
caffeine but from guarana beans
does Health Canada impose regulations on caffeine? on guarnine?
Yes on caffeine but none on guaranine
what does MADD believe?
energy drinks pose risk of alcohol related trauma
what was the fruit flavored malt liquor beverage that was associated to the death and injury of several young americans?
Four Loko
how many Canadians regularly use caffeine
80%
what is the average intake of caffeine?
200-250mg a day
what are three key xanthines
caffeine
theophylline (tea)
theobromine (chocolate)
how long does it take to reach peak levels?
30min
what is the half-life of caffine
3hr
caffeine dependence?
reinforcing properties
withdrawal symptoms - headache fatigue
what receptor do xanthines block?
adenosine
what body parts does caffeine stimulate?
CNS and skeletal muscles
what does adenosine do?
decrease neuronal activity and dilates blood vessels => increases oxygen flow (in prep for sleep)
why do soldiers use caffeine?
faster reaction times
increases accuracy
