Performance Flashcards
Name performance elements
take off and landing distance rate of climb ceiling payload range speed fuel economy maneuverability stability
What factors are most important when landing/taking off?
air density (density altitude) surface wind runway surface upslope or downslope of runway weight
What affect does wind have on takeoff, landing, and cruise?
Takeoff - headwind: allows lift-off speed at a lower ground speed and increases performance by shortening the roll and increaseing angle of climb.
Takeoff - tailwind: plane needs to achieve greater ground seped to get to lift-off speed. Decreases aircraft performance by increasing the roll and reducing angle of climb
Landing - basically same as takeoff
Cruise - opposite effect (headwind bad tailwind good)
Weight vs. takeoff and landing performance
increased gross weight can have a significant effect on takeoff performance:
higher liftoff speed, slower acceleration, increased drag and ground friction, longer takeoff distance
What affect does increased density altitude have on take off and landing performance?
a. increased takeoff distance
b. reduced rate of climb (decreased thrust and reduced acceleration)
c. Increased true airspeed on approach and landing
d. increased landing roll
Define density altitude
pressure altitude corrected for non-standard temperature.
How does air density affect performance?
Desity effects
lift produced by wings
power output of engine
properller efficiency
drag forces
What factors affect air density?
altitude (higher alt, less dense air)
temperature (warmer = less dense)
humidity (more humid, less dense)
V speeds
VS0 - stalling speed landing config 35
VS1 - stalling speed clean 40
Vy - best rate of climb (alt gained over time) 67
Vx - best angle of climb (alt gained over distance) 55
VLE - max landing gear extension speed - N/A
VLO - max landing gear operating speed - N/A
VFE - max flaps extension speed - 85
VA - Maneuvering speed - 104
VNO - max structural cruising speed - 111
VNE - never exceed speed 149
Explain difference between best glide and minimum sink speed
Glide - speed & config for greatest forward distance for a given loss of altitude (60 for my plane)
sink - used to maximize the time that the airplane remains in flight - loses altitude at the lowest rate but over less distance traveled. usually a few knots less than glide speed
What info can be obtained from the following charts?
take off chart: takeoff distance in a specific configuration. 50-foot obstace clearance. includes weights, altitudes, temps, winds, and obstace heights
fuel/time/distance to climb chart - gives the fuel amount used during the clumb, the time it takes to accomplish the climb, and ground distance covered.
Cruise and range performance - true airspeed, fuel consumption, endurance in hours, range in miles @ specific configs
cross and headwind component chart - figures the head and crosswind for any given wind direction and velocity
landing chart- provide normal landing distance as well as 50 foot obstace distance
stall speed performance charts - given config, stall speed. takes into account the bank angle, gear/flap position, throttle position
define pressure altitude and why its important?
Altitude indicated when altimeter is set to 29.92” Hg. and it is used to compute density altitude, true altitude, true airspeed, and other performance data
