Gyroscopic Instruments Flashcards
What are they?
Turn coordinator, heading indicator, attitude indicator
What are the power soruces for these instruments?
vacuum, pressure, or electrical. Or a mix.
Usually some redundacy here incase one fails you will have bank info
How does the vacuum system operate?
engine driven cacuum pump provides suction which pulls air from the instrument case. Normal pressure enterting the case is directed against rotor vanes to turn the rotor or gyro.
Attidue indicator; how works?
The gyro in the indicator is mounted on a horizontal plane and depends on rigidity in space for operation. Horizion bar represents true horizion. The bar is fixed to the gyro and remains horizontal as airplane is pitched and/or banked indicating the attitude of the airplane
Limitations of attitude indicator
Depends on the make and model of the instrument. There is a degrees of bank limit to them usually 100 or 110. And pitch from 60 t o70.
Attitude indicator errors
free from most errors but there could be a slight nose up indication during rapid acceleration or opposite for down. Small bank angle and pitch error after a 180 degree turn. Theyre small errors and self correct
Heading indicator operation
Rigidity in space: as the instrument case and the airplane revovlve around the vertical axi the card provides a clear and accurate heading
Limitations of heading indicator
high bank angle can cause it to tumble and be inaccurate
What error is the heading indicator subject to?
Because of precession, caused mainly by friction, the heading indicator will creep or drift from a heading to which it is set. Must be reset occasionally during flight to magnetic compass during straight level unaccelerated flight
How does a turn coordinator operate?
turn portion uses precession to indicate direction and approx. rate of turn. a gyro reacts by trying to move in reaction to the force applied thus moving the needle in proportion to the rate of turn
the slip/skid indicator is a liquid filled tube with a ball that reacts to the centrifugal force and gravity
What info does the turn coordinator provide?
shows yaw and roll
miniature airplane will indcate direction of turn and rate. when aligned with the turn index it is 3 degrees per second. The ball indicates whether the airplane is coordinated or in a slip or skid
What will you see in a slip? In a skid?
Slip - ball will be on the inside of the turn aka not enough rate of turn of the amount of bank
skid - ball will be on the outside of the turn aka too much rate of turn for the bank
