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Psychology > Perception and Memory (PSYM207) > Flashcards

Perception and Memory (PSYM207) Flashcards

1
Q

The process of perceiving through the senses

A

Sensation

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2
Q

Set of processes by which we recognize, organize, and make sense of the sensations we receive from the environment

A

Perception

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3
Q

Awareness of 3-dimensionality, solidity, and the distance between the observer and the object

A

Depth Perception

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4
Q

Set of theories that explain perception starts with the stimuli we take into our eye, these are stimuli-driven

A

Bottom Up Theories

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5
Q

Gibson’s theory, explains that all the information in our sensory receptors, including sensory context, is all we need to perceive anything

A

Direct Perception

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6
Q

This refers to how our environment supplies us with all the information we need for perception, so there is no need for higher cognitive processes

A

Ecological Perception

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7
Q

These are theories that suggest we have stored templates in our mind and these are highly detailed models for patterns we could potentially recognize

A

Template Theories

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8
Q

True or False: Template theories support the idea that expertise can be acquired even just through storing information in short-term memory

A

False, when info is stored in the long term memory, one can master its recognition

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9
Q

This set of theories explain that we attempt to match features of a pattern to features stored in memory, rather than to a whole template

A

Feature-Matching Theories

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10
Q

This theory explains our ability to perceive 3D objects with the help of simple geometric shapes

A

Recognition by Components Theory

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11
Q

This set of theories explains how the perceiver builds a cognitive understanding of stimuli and higher order thinking is needed for perception

A

Top Down Theories

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12
Q

This is an occurrence that suggests that what we sense in our sensory organs sometimes is not necessarily what we perceive

A

Perceptual Illusions

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13
Q

When does vision begin?

A

When light passes through the protective covering of the eye

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14
Q

This is the change in the direction and speed of the light entering the eyes

A

Refraction

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15
Q

This is a severe deficit in the ability to perceive sensory information

A

Agnosias

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16
Q

This is a disturbance in the temporal region of the cortex where an individual is unable to pay attention to more than one object at a time

A

Simultagnosia

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17
Q

This is when an individual has a severely impaired ability to recognize human faces

A

Prosopagnosia

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18
Q

True or False: Anomalies in color perception are more common in men than women

A

True

19
Q

This is when an individual is unable to perceive motion, it only appears as a series of snapshots

A

Akinetopsia

20
Q

Who pioneered the Traditional Memory Model?

A

William James

21
Q

Primary Memory: _____ memory ; Secondary Memory: _____ memory

A

Temporary, Permanent

22
Q

In the Traditional Memory Model, what are the 3 main memory stores?

A

Sensory store (can store a limited amount of info for a brief span of time)
Short-term store (can store info for a longer period but limited capacity)
Long-term store (large capacity, can store info for very long periods)

23
Q

This is a discrete visual sensory register that holds information for a very short period of time, it can only hold 9-12 symbols

A

Iconic Store

24
Q

This is when the production of output interferes with the phenomenon being studied (i.e verbally reporting multiple symbols may interfere with the reports of iconic memory)

A

Fading Phenomenon

25
Q

In the Atkinson-Shiffrin Model, this is where info is stored in the long term

A

Permastore

26
Q

These are the 3 main sequential stages of memory processes

A

Encoding
Storage
Retrieval

27
Q

What is the difference between Short-term storage and Long-term storage of memory?

A
  • Short term stores more acoustic info, while long term stores semantic info
  • STM can retain visual info for 1.5 seconds and is vulnerable to decay, while LTM can remember words and meanings for a long time
28
Q

This is when we reflect on our own memory

A

Metamemory

29
Q

This is the process of integrating new information to stored information

A

Consolidation

30
Q

Memory rehearsal by _____ discusses how the distribution of practice sessions over time makes memories stronger

A

Ebbinghaus

31
Q

What is the difference between elaborative rehearsal and maintenance rehearsal?

A

Elaborative - items to be remembered are elaborated
Maintenance - items are repeated over and over

32
Q

What is the difference between overt and covert rehearsal?

A

Overt - aloud and obvious
Covert - silent and hidden

33
Q

What is the difference between retrospective memory and prospective memory?

A

Retrospective - memories from the past
Prospective - memories for the things we need to remember about the future

34
Q

What is the difference between parallel and serial processing?

A

Parallel - memory is retrieved by simultaneous handling of multiple operations
Serial - memory is retrieved one after another in succession

35
Q

A form of information recall where memories are retrieved through cues

A

Cued Recall

36
Q

A form of information recall where the most memories are retrieved in any order

A

Free Recall

37
Q

What is the difference between retroactive and proactive interference in memory distortion?

A

Retroactive - distortion is caused by activity after learning info, but before recall
Proactive - distortion is caused by activity before learning the information

38
Q

This theory says that information is forgotten because of the gradual disappearance rather than the displacement of the memory trace

A

Decay Theory

39
Q

These memories are those that have been pushed down to the unconscious because of the distress they cause

A

Repressed memories

40
Q

These memories are of an event so powerful and remembered so vividly. This might be because of the emotional intensity, moods, and states of consciousness

A

Flashbulb memories

41
Q

In the Integrative Memory Model, this part holds the most recently activated portion of long term memory, and moves elements in and out of temporary memory

A

Working Memory

42
Q

This part of the Integrative Memory Model briefly holds visual images

A

Visuospatial Sketchpad

43
Q

This part of the Integrative Memory Model briefly holds inner speech for verbal comprehension and acoustic rehearsal

A

Phonological Loop

Psychology (15 decks)

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