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Psychology > Foundations of Development (PSYM130) > Flashcards

Foundations of Development (PSYM130) Flashcards

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1
Q

These carry the hereditary information that will be the basis for the organism’s development

A

DNA

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2
Q

These are functional units of heredity composed of many segments of DNA

A

Genes

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3
Q

These are coils of DNA that store and transmit genetic information

A

Chromosomes

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4
Q

What are the 2 types of chromosomes?

A

Gametes / Sex Chromosomes and Autosomes

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5
Q

These are permanent alterations to genes or chromosomes and may have harmful effects

A

Mutations

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6
Q

The product of the union of a sperm and ovum

A

Zygote

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7
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes does a human body have?

A

23

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8
Q

This is the complete sequence of genes in the human body

A

Human Genome

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9
Q

Two or more alternative forms of a gene that occupy the same position on paired chromosomes and affect the same trait

A

Allele

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10
Q

True or False: Dominant Inheritance is when two identical recessive alleles result in the passing down of a nondominant allele

A

False, this is a Recessive Inheritance

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11
Q

Differentiate Genotype and Phenotype

A

Genotype is the genetic makeup of a person consisting of both internal and external characteristics. Phenotype is solely the observable or evident traits of a person

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12
Q

This is the process of combining genetic and environmental factors to produce certain complex traits

A

Multifactorial Transmission

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13
Q

This is a mechanism that turns genes on or off and determines the function of body cells

A

Epigenesis

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14
Q

Name at least 3 Reproductive Technologies

A

Artificial insemination
In vitro fertilization (IVF)
Cryopreservation of gametes or embryos
Fertility medication
Traditional surrogacy
Gestational carrier

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15
Q

Name at least 3 Prenatal Diagnostic Methods

A

Amniocentesis
Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
Embryoscopy/Fetoscopy
Ultrasound (sonogram)
Maternal blood analysis
Ultrafast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis
Umbilical cord sampling (cordocentesis)

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16
Q

This is the type of Gene-Environment Correlation where children evoke responses that are influenced by the child’s heredity and these responses strengthen the child’s original style

A

Evocative Correlation

17
Q

This is the union of a sperm and egg cell to form a new organism

A

Conception

18
Q

The period between conception and birth

A

Gestation

19
Q

This gestational principle says development begins with the head to the lower trunk

A

Cephalocaudal Principle

20
Q

This gestational principle says development begins with the inner parts of the body to the outer ones

A

Proximodistal Principle

21
Q

This gestational stage is when the zygote is formed, mitosis happens and the zygote travels to the uterus

A

Germinal Stage

22
Q

When the blastocyst has attached, the ____ will form on one side of it and will also develop organs that will nurture and protect it

A

Embryonic Disk

23
Q

This is when rapid organogenesis occurs and is at the second to eighth week of development. Miscarriages mostly happen during this period

A

Embryonic Stage

24
Q

This is when the organs and body parts continuously grow individually and fetuses become active organisms in the womb

A

Fetal Stage

25
Q

What are the possible effects on a child if a mother gains too much weight during pregnancy?

A

Induced labor or Caesarean Section

26
Q

What are the possible effects on a child if a mother barely gains weight during pregnancy?

A

Growth Retardation and Risk of Obesity

27
Q

What are scientific ways for a mother to maintain good health and development of a child during pregnancy?

A

Avoid harmful chemicals (nicotine, alcohol, teratogens etc.)
Take Vitamin B, D and Omega E
Maintain stable calorie intake
Regular exercise
Avoid strenuous working hours

28
Q

True or False: Poor psychological health during pregnancy can affect a child even until their teen years

A

True, depression during pregnancy can cause antisocial and violent behavior in adolescence

29
Q

This is a maternal factor that happens when the Rhesus of the mother and the fetus differs, which may destroy the blood cells of the baby lead to a lack of oxygen

A

Rh Incompatibility

30
Q

True or False: The age of the father has no bearing on the health of the child

A

False, the age of the father can be a factor for birth defects and a number of mental and biological disorders in children

31
Q

Term for harmful activities or materials to a pregnancy

A

Teratogens

Psychology (15 decks)

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