Foundations of Development (PSYM130)

Question 1

These carry the hereditary information that will be the basis for the organism’s development

Answer 1

DNA

Question 2

These are functional units of heredity composed of many segments of DNA

Answer 2

Genes

Question 3

These are coils of DNA that store and transmit genetic information

Answer 3

Chromosomes

Question 4

What are the 2 types of chromosomes?

Answer 4

Gametes / Sex Chromosomes and Autosomes

Question 5

These are permanent alterations to genes or chromosomes and may have harmful effects

Answer 5

Mutations

Question 6

The product of the union of a sperm and ovum

Answer 6

Zygote

Question 7

How many pairs of chromosomes does a human body have?

Answer 7

23

Question 8

This is the complete sequence of genes in the human body

Answer 8

Human Genome

Question 9

Two or more alternative forms of a gene that occupy the same position on paired chromosomes and affect the same trait

Answer 9

Allele

Question 10

True or False: Dominant Inheritance is when two identical recessive alleles result in the passing down of a nondominant allele

Answer 10

False, this is a Recessive Inheritance

Question 11

Differentiate Genotype and Phenotype

Answer 11

Genotype is the genetic makeup of a person consisting of both internal and external characteristics. Phenotype is solely the observable or evident traits of a person

Question 12

This is the process of combining genetic and environmental factors to produce certain complex traits

Answer 12

Multifactorial Transmission

Question 13

This is a mechanism that turns genes on or off and determines the function of body cells

Answer 13

Epigenesis

Question 14

Name at least 3 Reproductive Technologies

Answer 14

Artificial insemination
In vitro fertilization (IVF)
Cryopreservation of gametes or embryos
Fertility medication
Traditional surrogacy
Gestational carrier

Question 15

Name at least 3 Prenatal Diagnostic Methods

Answer 15

Amniocentesis
Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
Embryoscopy/Fetoscopy
Ultrasound (sonogram)
Maternal blood analysis
Ultrafast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis
Umbilical cord sampling (cordocentesis)

Question 16

This is the type of Gene-Environment Correlation where children evoke responses that are influenced by the child’s heredity and these responses strengthen the child’s original style

Answer 16

Evocative Correlation

Question 17

This is the union of a sperm and egg cell to form a new organism

Answer 17

Conception

Question 18

The period between conception and birth

Answer 18

Gestation

Question 19

This gestational principle says development begins with the head to the lower trunk

Answer 19

Cephalocaudal Principle

Question 20

This gestational principle says development begins with the inner parts of the body to the outer ones

Answer 20

Proximodistal Principle

Question 21

This gestational stage is when the zygote is formed, mitosis happens and the zygote travels to the uterus

Answer 21

Germinal Stage

Question 22

When the blastocyst has attached, the ____ will form on one side of it and will also develop organs that will nurture and protect it

Answer 22

Embryonic Disk

Question 23

This is when rapid organogenesis occurs and is at the second to eighth week of development. Miscarriages mostly happen during this period

Answer 23

Embryonic Stage

Question 24

This is when the organs and body parts continuously grow individually and fetuses become active organisms in the womb

Answer 24

Fetal Stage

Question 25

What are the possible effects on a child if a mother gains too much weight during pregnancy?

Answer 25

Induced labor or Caesarean Section

Question 26

What are the possible effects on a child if a mother barely gains weight during pregnancy?

Answer 26

Growth Retardation and Risk of Obesity

Question 27

What are scientific ways for a mother to maintain good health and development of a child during pregnancy?

Answer 27

Avoid harmful chemicals (nicotine, alcohol, teratogens etc.)
Take Vitamin B, D and Omega E
Maintain stable calorie intake
Regular exercise
Avoid strenuous working hours

Question 28

True or False: Poor psychological health during pregnancy can affect a child even until their teen years

Answer 28

True, depression during pregnancy can cause antisocial and violent behavior in adolescence

Question 29

This is a maternal factor that happens when the Rhesus of the mother and the fetus differs, which may destroy the blood cells of the baby lead to a lack of oxygen

Answer 29

Rh Incompatibility

Question 30

True or False: The age of the father has no bearing on the health of the child

Answer 30

False, the age of the father can be a factor for birth defects and a number of mental and biological disorders in children

Question 31

Term for harmful activities or materials to a pregnancy

Answer 31

Teratogens