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Adolescence Flashcards

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1
Q

True or False: The conception and time span of adolescence is mostly a social construct based on different cultures

A

True

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2
Q

These are the 2 broad types of biological pubertal changes

A
  • Overall body growth
  • Maturation of sexual characteristics
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3
Q

What hormone released in boys does the lutenizing hormone (LH) stimulate?

A

Testosterone

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4
Q

Follicle-stimulating hormone begins what reproductive cycle in girls?

A

Menstruation

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5
Q

These are the 2 basic stages of puberty

A
  • Andrenarche (6-8 yrs old, not much change)
  • Gondanarche (maturation of sex organs)
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6
Q

True or False: Similar to childhood, physical growth in puberty is cephalocaudal

A

False, it follows reverse cephalocaudal where the hands and feet grow first

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7
Q

This is the first sign of puberty and is the rapid growth in height and weight

A

Growth spurt

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8
Q

The first menstruation

A

Menarche

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9
Q

The first ejaculation, usually in nocturnal state

A

Spermarche

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10
Q

True or False: the lessening in density of gray matter in adolescence makes thinking more efficient

A

True

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11
Q

With the increase of white matter, what is improved in one’s mental processes?

A

Faster transmission of information

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12
Q

True or False: Teens’ brain components now allow them to make long-term plans and focus on meeting these goals

A

False, the adolescent brain is still not fully developed and teens struggle to make long-term goals. They also focus more in seeking novelty, excitement and risk

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13
Q

Why do teens often sleep much later in their adolescent years?

A

Melatonin is secreted later in the night compared to in childhood

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14
Q

What are the consequences of sleep deprivation?

A
  • Decline in executive functioning
  • Lessening of cognitive and emotional self-regulation
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15
Q

What are factors that contribute to adolescent moodiness?

A
  • High pubertal hormones
  • Unfamiliar and negative life events (and how teens react to them)
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16
Q

True or False: The older an adolescent is, the more stable their moods become

A

True

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17
Q

What are some of the causes of parent-child conflict in adolescence?

A
  • Setting of rules
  • More restrictions (esp. for girls)
  • Large distance in perspective between parent and child
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18
Q

This is the descriptive and evaluative beliefs about one’s appearance and is a large predictor of self-esteem

A

Body Image

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19
Q

Which between early and late maturing boys and girls are more favored at their age?

A

Early maturing boys and late maturing girls are favored, while their opposite are usually unpopular

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20
Q

Early menstruating girls are vulnerable to iron deficiency which may lead to ____?

A

Anemia

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21
Q

What are the factors that may cause more overweight and obese teens?

A
  • Sedentary/inactive lifestyle
  • Mass production and consumption of animal fat and protein
  • Refined and added grains
  • Economic growth and urbanization
  • Dieting
22
Q

True or False: Boys tend to be more satisfied with their body than girls

A

True

23
Q

True or False: Almost all teen girls of all weights experience some form of body dissatisfaction

A

True

24
Q

An eating disorder where a person regularly eats huge quantities of food and purges the body through laxatives, induced vomiting, fasting, or excessive exercise

A

Bulimia Nervosa

25
Q

An eating disorder where one starves themselves with the debilitating fear of gaining weight

A

Anorexia Nervosa

26
Q

These are activities that teens experiment on to satisfy curiosity and to seek sensation. They may lead to more dangerous consequences later on

A

Vices (drugs, alcohol, smoking etc.)

27
Q

True or False: The more that parents talk about sex with their teenage children, the more will they will riskfully engage in it

A

False, A warm, open, give-and-take conversation between parents and child is associated with reduced sexual risk-taking,

28
Q

What are the negative effects of teenage pregnancy?

A
  • Unhealthy diet of mother
  • Little to no prenatal care
  • Birthing complications (LBW etc.)
  • Intergenerational transmission
29
Q

What are some effective sex education programs?

A
  • Teach techniques for handling (refusal skills and communication skills use of contraceptives) sexual situations
  • Delivery of clear, accurate messages appropriate to teens’ culture and sexual experiences
  • Last long enough to have impact
  • Provide specific information about contraceptives and access to them
30
Q

What are some of the psychological interventions teens may receive when having issues in adolescence?

A
  • Psychotherapy
  • Family therapy
  • Medications/drugs
  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
  • Hospitalization
31
Q

What are some of the psychosocial factors that increase teens’ suicidal tendencies?

A

Low self-esteem, poor impulse control, low tolerance for frustration and stress, alienated from their social circles, have a history of suicide, abused substances

32
Q

This is Piaget’s term for one’s ability to develop, consider, and test hypothesis

A

Hypothetical-Deductive Reasoning

33
Q

Adolescent’s ability to evaluate the logic of
propositions (verbal statements) without
referring to real-world circumstances.

A

Propositional Thought

34
Q

What are some of the improvements in teens’ cognition according to the Information Processing Approach?

A
  • Working memory increases
  • Inhibition improves
  • Attention becomes more selective and flexible
  • Planning on complex tasks becomes more organized and efficient
  • Knowledge increases
  • Metacognition expands leading to effective
    strategies (improving storage, representation, etc.)
  • Cognitive-self regulation yields better moment-by-moment monitoring, evaluation, and redirection
35
Q

This when a teen coordinates theory with evidence with the help of their working memory and metacognition

A

Scientific Reasoning

36
Q

These are some aspects of adolescent thought that still may remain immature

A
  • Idealism and Handling Criticism
  • Decision-making
  • Self-consciousness and self-focusing
37
Q

This is the coherent conception of the self, made up of goals, values, and beliefs to which a person is solidly committed

A

Identity

38
Q

What is the goal in the fifth stage of Erikson’s Psychosocial stages?

A

One must develop a sense of self or identity and have a resolution to role confusion. One must learn their role in society and how to develop fidelity and belonging

39
Q

These are new aspects of self-evaluation the emerge in adolescence for one to develop their self-esteem

A
  • Relationships (friendships, romance)
  • Job Competence
  • Academics
  • Peer Acceptance
  • Gender
  • Culture
40
Q

James Marcia’s Identity Status:
Achievement: ____ commitment, ____ exploration
Moratorium: ____ commitment, ____ exploration
Diffusion: ____ commitment, ____ exploration
Foreclosure: ____ commitment, ____ exploration

A

Achievement: high commitment, high exploration
Moratorium: low commitment, high exploration
Diffusion: no commitment, no exploration
Foreclosure: high commitment, low exploration

41
Q

What are some influences on Identity Development?

A
  • Identity Status
  • Family (healthy individuation)
  • Peer Diversity
  • Educational Opportunities
  • SES
  • Culture (Individualistic, Interdependent)
42
Q

True or False: There is no biological difference between individuals of different sexual orientations

A

False, there is a difference in the size of the hypothalamus and how they react to odor etc.

43
Q

This is an adolescents’ struggle for autonomy and personal authority in their family

A

Individuation

44
Q

True or False: Sibling relationships become more equal in adolescence

A

True

45
Q

This is also where adolescents set up their autonomy and receive affection, understanding and moral guidance

A

Peers

46
Q

What are some of the benefits of teens having high-quality friendships?

A
  • Better cognitive and emotional development
  • Higher opinion of self
  • School competence
  • Lesser experience of negative emotions
47
Q

True or False: 1 in 10 teens experience abuse in romantic relationships

A

False, it is more common, with 1 in 3 experiencing abuse

48
Q

What is the brief idea of Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Understanding?

A

It pertains to how the value of laws sometimes overrides the value of human life. It emphasized that the way one reasons about a moral dilemma and not the content of the response is what determines moral maturity

49
Q

What are the 3 main stages of Moral Understanding based on Kohlberg and how do they differ?

A

Pre-conventional (3-7 yrs) - external rules, concept of avoiding punishment and receiving rewards
Conventional (8-13 yrs) - conformity to social rules, paying attention to authority, understanding moral reciprocity
Post-conventional (14 yrs onward) - following personal principle and ethics, moral reasoning based on individual rights and own judgement

50
Q

What are some influences on one’s moral reasoning?

A
  • Parenting Practices
  • Peer interaction
  • Schooling
  • Culture

Psychology (15 decks)

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