perception

Question 1

The human perceptual system uses 2 types of info:

Answer 1

1)environmental energy stimulating the receptos
2)knowledge and expectations the observer brings to the situation

Question 2

bottom up processing

Answer 2

Perception may start with the sense
Energy registering on receptors

Question 3

Top-down processing of perception

Answer 3

Perception may start with the brain
Person’s knowledge about the world

Question 4

How do we test what babies knows?

Answer 4

Preferential looking

Question 5

Statistical learning

Answer 5

learning about transitional probabilities(what types of things usually occur in the environment) can support speech segmentation(perceiving individual words from the flow of speech)

Question 6

Babies use ——— processing

Answer 6

Babies are using prior experience with the world to learn(top-down processing)

Question 7

Likelihood principle

Answer 7

we perceive the world in a way that is most likely based on our past experiences

Question 8

Gestalt Principle

Answer 8

focuses on how people perceive objects as whole entities rather than separate parts
Role of experience is less important compared to these intrinsic, “built in” principle

Question 9

Law of pragnanz:

Answer 9

we see the simplest pattern as possible

Question 10

experience dependent plasticity

Answer 10

Neurons become tuned to respond better to what we commonly experience

Question 11

What happens if there’s a damage to the primary visual cortex(area in back of brain that processes all the visual information)

Answer 11

Patient has damage to primary visual cortex, cant process visual information that is still but can process info that has motion

Visual information bypasses primary visual cortex and into a certain higher order module intact that process motion

Question 12

What pathway

Answer 12

Ventral pathway(lower part of brain)

Question 13

Dorsal pathway

Answer 13

Destination
Determining the location of an objects(upper part of the brain)

Question 14

Ungerleider and Mishkin study

Answer 14

Object discrimination task and Landmark discriminations task on monkeys

Animals that have damage to the parietal lobe can pass object discrimination task, but not landmark discrimination task

animals that have damage to temporal lobe do the opposite

Question 15

Milner and Goodale (1995)

Answer 15

Perception pathway(what)

Action pathway(how)

Question 16

agnosia

Answer 16

inability to recognize objects)

Question 17

prosopagnosia

Answer 17

inability to recognize faces

Question 18

Prosopagnosia(no face)

Answer 18

Can occur due to brain damage or one can be born with it
Brains with developmental prosopagnosia have no visible lesion
Prospagnosia can be accompanied by intact and sometimes superior intellect

Question 19

Is there a special face recognition system in the brain that is independent from the object recognition system

Answer 19

Hypothesis 1:faces and objects rely on different brain regions

Hypothesis 2:faces and objects rely on the same brain region but faces are just harder to process (faces look similar to each other relative to objects, but they are harder and take more brain power to process)

Question 20

Evidence in favor of hypothesis 1

Answer 20

double dissociation(two related mental processes are shown to function independently of each other)

lesion to the brain produces agnosia but no prosopagnosia

Question 21

Greeble experiment

Answer 21

After training, activation in the FFA increased, after repeated exposure to Greebles

Conclusion:perhaps this area is not just for faces, but it’s all about experience