History

Question 1

Donders(1868)

Answer 1

Performed one of first cognitive psychology experiments(reaction time) in a time where people believed the mind cant be studied

He did a calculation of subtracting choice reaction time to simple reaction time and he determined this was the time it take for someone to decide

Question 2

Wundt

Answer 2

Introspection

Set up first psych laboratory
Had people describe their thoughts in response to stimuli
He focused on structuralism(structure of the mind)

Question 3

Ebbinghaus

Answer 3

Learning curve

Studied retention interval(time between encoding and retrieval)

He considered the percent saving to be a measure of the amount remembered, forgetting occurs rapidly during first 2 days and then occurs more slowly after

Question 4

William James

Answer 4

Wrote first psychology text and first psychology class

-paying attention to one thing means withdrawing from others

Question 5

Watson(1913)

Answer 5

Set the stage for classical condition

Little Albert

Question 6

what happened after 1900’s

Answer 6

shift to behavior focused

Shift in psychology not just in terms of thinking about observable behaviors, but thinking about the role of environment in shaping outcome and potential

First there was a shift in the way psychology research was conducted (emphasis on observable behavior, not the mind)

Second Went against study of genetics, that ignored environment

Question 7

Skinner (1938)

Answer 7

Focused on how behavior is strengthened by presence of positive reinforcers and weakened by negative reinforcer

Placed pigeons in box with the reward being setting free by poking through the box

Question 8

Mary Whiton Calkins(1894)

Answer 8

(Paired associates)

Harvard denied her of PhD

Question 9

Inez Beverly Prosser(1933)

Answer 9

First black woman to receive a PhD in psychology
Known for work in learning, education reform, racial identitty

Question 10

Marigold Linton(1964)

Answer 10

Conducted important work in autobiographical memory
First indigenous person to obtain a PhD in psychology

Question 11

Tolman(1948)

Answer 11

start of cog revolution

Studied operant conditioning

experiment on rats and cross maze (stimulus response outcome learning)

Animals form a cognitive map of learning, mental state of learning
We can infer a mental state, and computer analogies, flow diagrams were created

Question 12

Neisser 1967

Answer 12

cognitive psychology term was coined)