Perception Flashcards
What are the 3 types of illusion?
Geometric illusion
Ambiguous figures
Fictitious percepts
What is geometric illusion?
When the image displayed appears distorted
What are ambiguous figures?
When an image can be seen in more than one way
e.g Neckers Cube
What are 2 factors the affect the perceptual set?
Expectations
Context in which the image is presented
Culture
Previous experiences
Emotions
Motivations
What is fictitious perception?
Seeing something which is not actually there
What are visual constancies?
They allow us to see things as remaining the same even though their physical characteristics are constantly changing
What are the 2 types of constancies?
Shape constancy
Colour constancy
What is shape constancies?
Ability to perceive the shape of an object as constant even if it appears to change through movement.
What is colour constancy?
Ability to perceive the colour of an object as constant even if it appears to change with changes in lighting.
What 4 concepts follow the Gestalt rules?
Grouping
Similarity
Continuity
Connectedness
What is figure-ground perception?
How we organise and simplify whatever scene we’re looking at into main objects or figures and the surrounding or ground they stand out against.
What is the principle of similarity?
Things which share visual characteristics such as shape, size, colour, texture, value or orientation will be seen as belonging together.
What is continuity?
Tendency of people to organise visual elements into unified wholes.
What is depth perception?
Ability of our eyes and brain to add a third dimension or depth to everything we see.
What are depth cues?
Factors that allow us to add a third dimension.
What are some depth cues?
Linear perspective
Two heights in plane
Relative size
Superimposition/ overlap
Texture gradients
What is linear perspective?
Parallel lines appear to converge
What are 2 heights in plane?
If an image in higher to the eye, it is often seen as being further away than objects to the lower
What is relative size?
When we expect things to be the same size and they are not; we interpret this as meaning that they are further away.
What is superimposition/overlap?
When we can’t see the whole of an object we assume that there is something in front of it allowing us to interpret it as further away.
What are texture gradients?
Where we can see the details of objects that are close bu the detail fades further away it is.
What is the Constructivists theory?
The theory say we construct our perception of the world based not only on what we see in front of us but also on our past experiences.
Supports the idea of top-down processing.
What is the perceptual set?
Notion of perceiving something based on expectation.
What are the 2 things that demonstrate perceptual set in processing?
Expectations
Motivations
What is the Nativists Theory?
Perception is a result of bottom-up processing. Perception is immediate or direct.
Perceive the world as it is seen in front of us. It is not based on expectations or misinterpretation.
