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MED101 PSYCH > Brain Mechanisms I / II > Flashcards

Brain Mechanisms I / II Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two halves the cerebrum divided into called?

A

Left and right hemisphere

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2
Q

What is the fore brain of a developing brain called?

A

Prosencephalon

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3
Q

What is the mid brain of a developing brain called?

A

Mesencephalon

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4
Q

What is the hind brain of a developing brain called?

A

Rhombencephalon

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5
Q

What is the prosencephalon going to develop into?

A

Cerebrum

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6
Q

What is the mesencephalon going to develop into?

A

Mid brain

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7
Q

What is the hind brain going to develop into?

A

The pons, cerebellum and medulla

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8
Q

What are the 2 parts the prosencephalon divided into called?

A

Telencephalon and Diencephalon

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9
Q

What does the mesencephalon consist of?

A

Corpora quadrigemina
Tegmentum & tegtum
Cerebral peduncles

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10
Q

What are the 2 parts of the Rhombencephalon divided into called?

A

Metencephalon and Myelencephalon

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11
Q

What does the metencephalon consist of?

A

Pons
Cerebellum

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12
Q

What does the myelencephalon develop into?

A

Medulla oblongata

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13
Q

What are the two structures in the PNS?

A

Nerves and Ganglion

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14
Q

What are afferent neurones?

A

Carry info in to the central nervous system

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15
Q

What are efferent neurones?

A

Carry info away from the central nervous system

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16
Q

What are the 4 types of neurones?

A

Unipolar, Bipolar, Multipolar and Anaxonic

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17
Q

What is the definition of Unipolar?

A

Dendrite and axon emerging from the same process

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18
Q

What is the definition of Bipolar?

A

axon and single dendrite on opposite ends of the soma

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19
Q

Multipolar

A

two or more dendrites separate from the axon

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20
Q

Anaxonic

A

axon cannot be distinguished from dendrites

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21
Q

What are neuroglia?

A

Non-neuronal cells that maintain homeostasis, form myelin and provide support and protection for neurones in the CNS and PNS

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22
Q

What are the 4 types of neuroglial cells in the CNS?

A

Oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, ependymal cells and microglia

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23
Q

What are the two types of glial cells in the PNS?

A

Schwann cells and satellite cells

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24
Q

What are astrocytes?

A

Forms the blood-brain barrier and regulate the external chemical environment of neurones

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25
Q

What are oligodendrocytes?

A

Produce the myelin sheath

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26
Q

What are ependymal cells?

A

Involved in the creation and secretion of CSF

27
Q

What are Schwann cells?

A

Provide myelination to axons in the PNS

28
Q

What are Satellite cells?

A

Help to regulate the external chemical environment.

29
Q

Why do we need a Blood Brain Barrier?

A

Because of it lack of uniformity/ selectively permeable

30
Q

What are the two types of interneurones?

A

Excitatory and inhibitory

31
Q

How do neurones communicate?

A

Synpatic Transmission

32
Q

Where are neurotransmitters released from?

A

Synaptic buttons

33
Q

What are the places synapses can occur?

A

On dendrites, on the soma and on other axons

34
Q

What are the 3 types of synapses called?

A

Axodendritic, Axosomatic and Axoaxonic

35
Q

Where are synaptic vessicles made?

A

In the soma

36
Q

What is the name of the transport which carries the vesicles containing neurotransmitter?

A

Fast Axoplasmic transport

37
Q

What does acetylcholine do?

A

Muscle control

38
Q

What does epinephrine do?

A

Controls the “fight or flight” response

39
Q

What does dopamine do?

A

Smooth movements, postural stability

40
Q

What does serotonin do?

A

Mood, Sleeping, Eating, Dreaming

41
Q

What does GABA do?

A

For Brain stabilization

42
Q

What do endorphins do?

A

Natural painkillers

43
Q

What are the 3 areas of the brain?

A

Forebrain, Mid brain and Hindbrain

44
Q

What 3 structures does the fore brain contain?

A

Cerebrum, Thalamus and Hypothalamus

45
Q

What 2 structures does the mid brain consist of?

A

The Tegtum and Tegmentum

46
Q

What 3 structures does the hindbrain consist of?

A

The pons, medulla and cerebellum

47
Q

What is referred to as the brainstem?

A

The mid brain, pons and medulla

48
Q

What are 4 lobes in the cerebral cortex?

A

Frontal Lobe, Parietal Lobe, Occipital Lobe and Temporal Lobe

49
Q

What is the frontal lobe responsible for?

A

Reasoning, planning, movements, emotions and problem solving

50
Q

What is the parietal lobe responsible for?

A

Movement, Orientation and Recognition

51
Q

What is the Occipital Lobe responsible for?

A

Visual perception and Processing

52
Q

What is the temporal lobe responsible for?

A

Recognition of auditory stimuli, memory and speech

53
Q

What are the 2 halves which divide the cerebrum known as?

A

Right hemisphere and Left hemisphere

54
Q

Which hemisphere is responsible for creativity?

A

Right hemisphere

55
Q

What is the name of the bundle of axons which connect the two hemispheres?

A

Corpus callosum

56
Q

What is the role of cerebellum?

A

Helps with regulation and coordination of movement, posture and balance

57
Q

Where is the limbic system located?

A

Cerebrum

58
Q

What 4 structures does the limbic system consist of?

A

Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Amygdala and Hippocampus

59
Q

What is the role of the thalamus?

A

Centre for pain perception

60
Q

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

A

Regulates homeostasis, emotion, thirst, hunger and control of the autonomic nervous system

61
Q

What is the function of the amygdala?

A

Involved with memory and fear

62
Q

What is the function of the hippocampus?

A

Learning, memory and converting short term memory to long term memory

63
Q

What is the function of the midbrain?

A

Involved in vision, hearing, eye movement and body movement

64
Q

What are the functions of the medulla oblongata and the pons?

A

For breathing and heart beat and blood pressure

MED101 PSYCH (15 decks)

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