Memory Flashcards
What are the 3 key memory processes?
Encoding, Storage, Retrieval
What are the 3 major stages of memory?
Sensory Memory
Short Term Memory
Long Term Memory
What are the 3 factors the 3 stages of memory differ in?
Capacity
Duration
Function
What are the 2 types of working memory?
Iconic memory - visual information
Echoic Memory - auditory information
What are the 3 components of STM?
Central Executive : “attention”
Phonological Loop : holds information in a speech -based form
Visio-spatial sketchpad : specialised for holding visual and spatial information
What is the function of working memory?
Conscious processing of information
What is the definition of chunking?
Grouping small bits of information into larger units of information
What is the function of long term memory ?
Organises and stores information
What is the capacity of long term memory?
Unlimited
What is the definition of encoding?
Process that controls movement from working (STM) memory to long term memory storage
What is the definition of the Primacy-Regency Effect or Serial Position Effect?
When presented with lots of information in serial order, we remember more from the beginning and end of the list, at the expense of intermediate items
What is the definition of consolidation?
Storage into long-term memory.
Involves structural change : the pattern of neural pathways are changed
What are the 2 types of interferences in Working Memory?
Retroactive interference
Proactive interference
What is the definition of retroactive interference?
New information interferes with the retention of old information in working memory.
What is the definition of proactive interference?
Old information interferes with the recall of new information
What are the factors affecting retrieval?
Levels of processing - the more something is elaborated at time of encoding, the easier it will be retrieve
Organisation
Context - being in the same place/emotional state as the time of encoding facilitates recall.
What are the 5 types of long term memory?
Episodic memory
Semantic memory
Declarative
Procedural
Prospective
What is episodic memory?
AKA autobiographical
Stores every fact/event that you have been involved in.
What is semantic memory?
Memory of facts about the world
eg - this is a pc, this is a desk
What is declarative memory?
AKA explicit memory
Memory of facts and events and refers to those memories that can be consciously recalled
What is procedural memory?
Memory of procedures
eg - driving a car
What is prospective memory?
Memory for the things to do in the future
eg - buy milk after I leave this lecture
