Language Flashcards
What is phonology?
The actual sound of the language
What are 5 components of language?
Phonology
Morphology
Semantics
Syntax
Pragmatics
What should children learn in phonology?
Produce and recognise the sounds of language
Separate the sounds from the environmental noises and other human created sounds such as sneezing
Subtle differences between speech sounds represent a change in meaning or not
What is morphology?
Structure of words
What are morphemes?
Building blocks in words which connotes a particular meaning
What are semantics?
Association of meaning with a word
What is syntax?
How words are put together to form sentences
What are pragmatics?
Dependence of language on context and pre-existing knowledge
The manner which we speak may differ depending on the audience and our relationship to the audience
Give an example of an important precursor of language
Bubbling
Which stage of language acquisition must children of 12-18 months have?
Add 1 word per month
Which stage of language acquisition must children of 18 months have?
Explosion of language
Which stage of language acquisition must children of 18-20 months have?
Begin to combine words to form sentences
Which stage of language acquisition must children of 2-3 yrs have?
Longer sentences
Internalises the complex rules of grammar
What does observational and operant conditioning theory explain?
Learning and meaning of words but they do not explain complex grammar
What is nativism?
An innate predisposition towards language
What is Chomsky’s theory of Language Acquisition Devise? (LAD)
Humans acquire language by unconsciously storing information in the brain which can later be used for many types of written and oral communication.
What is problem with LAD?
There is no brain region in which the LAD is located
What is the theory of interactionism?
Children learn the language as a desire to communicate with the world around them
Nature vs nurture
What is the Whorfian Hypotheses?
Language affects our thinking/perception
What is Vygotsky’s Theory of Social Development?
Importance of social interaction in cognitive development
Role of language in learning
What is the Theory of Mind?
Difficulty of children to understand that others might have knowledge different than their own or that others do not know what they are thinking
What do children of age 2-4 think causes illness?
Phenomenism - particular objets appear to cause illness
What do children of age 4-7 think causes illness?
Contagion - illness causes by proximity to ill people or objects
What do children of age 7-9 yrs think causes illness?
Contamination - illness caused by physical contact with ill-people - may be seen as a form of punishment
What do children of age 9-11 think causes illness?
Internalisation - illness is located within the body but may be caused by external factors such as the cold
What do children of age 11-16 think causes illness?
Physiological - illness is caused by malfunction of organs or systems that may be due to infections
What do children of age 16+ think causes illness?
Psychophysiological - psychological factors such as stress and fatigue may affect physiological processes rather than only being an outcome
