Language

Question 1

What is phonology?

Answer 1

The actual sound of the language

Question 1

What are 5 components of language?

Answer 1

Phonology
Morphology
Semantics
Syntax
Pragmatics

Question 2

What should children learn in phonology?

Answer 2

Produce and recognise the sounds of language

Separate the sounds from the environmental noises and other human created sounds such as sneezing

Subtle differences between speech sounds represent a change in meaning or not

Question 3

What is morphology?

Answer 3

Structure of words

Question 4

What are morphemes?

Answer 4

Building blocks in words which connotes a particular meaning

Question 5

What are semantics?

Answer 5

Association of meaning with a word

Question 6

What is syntax?

Answer 6

How words are put together to form sentences

Question 7

What are pragmatics?

Answer 7

Dependence of language on context and pre-existing knowledge

The manner which we speak may differ depending on the audience and our relationship to the audience

Question 8

Give an example of an important precursor of language

Answer 8

Bubbling

Question 9

Which stage of language acquisition must children of 12-18 months have?

Answer 9

Add 1 word per month

Question 10

Which stage of language acquisition must children of 18 months have?

Answer 10

Explosion of language

Question 11

Which stage of language acquisition must children of 18-20 months have?

Answer 11

Begin to combine words to form sentences

Question 12

Which stage of language acquisition must children of 2-3 yrs have?

Answer 12

Longer sentences

Internalises the complex rules of grammar

Question 13

What does observational and operant conditioning theory explain?

Answer 13

Learning and meaning of words but they do not explain complex grammar

Question 14

What is nativism?

Answer 14

An innate predisposition towards language

Question 15

What is Chomsky’s theory of Language Acquisition Devise? (LAD)

Answer 15

Humans acquire language by unconsciously storing information in the brain which can later be used for many types of written and oral communication.

Question 16

What is problem with LAD?

Answer 16

There is no brain region in which the LAD is located

Question 17

What is the theory of interactionism?

Answer 17

Children learn the language as a desire to communicate with the world around them

Nature vs nurture

Question 18

What is the Whorfian Hypotheses?

Answer 18

Language affects our thinking/perception

Question 19

What is Vygotsky’s Theory of Social Development?

Answer 19

Importance of social interaction in cognitive development

Role of language in learning

Question 20

What is the Theory of Mind?

Answer 20

Difficulty of children to understand that others might have knowledge different than their own or that others do not know what they are thinking

Question 21

What do children of age 2-4 think causes illness?

Answer 21

Phenomenism - particular objets appear to cause illness

Question 22

What do children of age 4-7 think causes illness?

Answer 22

Contagion - illness causes by proximity to ill people or objects

Question 23

What do children of age 7-9 yrs think causes illness?

Answer 23

Contamination - illness caused by physical contact with ill-people - may be seen as a form of punishment

Question 24

What do children of age 9-11 think causes illness?

Answer 24

Internalisation - illness is located within the body but may be caused by external factors such as the cold

Question 25

What do children of age 11-16 think causes illness?

Answer 25

Physiological - illness is caused by malfunction of organs or systems that may be due to infections

Question 26

What do children of age 16+ think causes illness?

Answer 26

Psychophysiological - psychological factors such as stress and fatigue may affect physiological processes rather than only being an outcome