People

Question 1

his experiments and subsequent theories relating to social conformity had a profound influence on the field of social psychology

Answer 1

Solomon Asch

Question 2

contemporary psychologist who studied social learning and modeling; Bobo Doll Experiment; emphasized that behavior is guided by a combination of drives, cues, responses, and rewards

Answer 2

Albert Bandura

Question 3

played a significant role in the development of the first IQ test; studied capability of school-age children

Answer 3

Alfred Binet

Question 4

American psychologist who added more components to Binet’s IQ test

Answer 4

Lewis Terman

Question 5

believed humans have an innate ability for language acquisition; emphasized critical periods

Answer 5

Noam Chomsky

Question 6

studied how kids form their identity; believed each person progressed through eight stages of development

Answer 6

Erik Erikson

Question 7

created first comprehensive personality theory; studied dreams; believed we are all driven by hidden desires and aggressions in our unconscious mind

Answer 7

Sigmund Freud

Question 8

social psychologist who studied gender differences; said men are more individualistic and seek accomplishment whereas women seek relationships

Answer 8

Carol Gilligan

Question 9

psychologist who worked with primates; best known for his studies on maternal separation and isolation, contact comfort, and attachment with rhesus monkeys

Answer 9

Harry Harlow

Question 10

discovered feature detectors in visual cortex of brain; helped explain visual perception

Answer 10

David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel

Question 11

father of American psychology; taught Mary Caulkins; created first psychology textbook; studied at Harvard

Answer 11

William James

Question 12

developmental psychologist who conducted research in the field of attachment theory and developed the Strange Situation Test used to examine the pattern of attachment between a child and the mother or caregiver

Answer 12

Mary Ainsworth

Question 13

a 20th century psychologist known primarily for his six stage theory of moral development for children

Answer 13

Lawrence Kohlberg

Question 14

Her research on memory construction and the misinformation effect created doubts about the accuracy of eye-witness testimony

Answer 14

Elizabeth Loftus

Question 15

Humanistic psychologist known for his “Hierarchy of Needs” and the concept of “self-actualization”

Answer 15

Abraham Maslow

Question 16

social psychologist; conducted experiments on obedience to authority

Answer 16

Stanley Milgram

Question 17

described process of classical conditioning after famous experiments with dogs

Answer 17

Ivan Pavlov

Question 18

known for his theory of cognitive development in children

Answer 18

Jean Piaget

Question 19

expounded on Pavlov’s classical conditioning; found subjects to learn the predictability of an event through trials (cognitive element)

Answer 19

Robert Rescorla

Question 20

developed “client-centered” therapy

Answer 20

Carl Rogers

Question 21

developed “Two-Factor” theory of emotion; states that a person must be physically aroused and cognitively label the arousal to experience emotion

Answer 21

Stanley Schachter

Question 22

described process of operant conditioning; skinner box

Answer 22

B. F. Skinner

Question 23

famous for the “Little Albert” experiments on fear conditioning

Answer 23

John Watson

Question 24

famous for describing concept of language acquisition, or linguistic determinism, which states that our speech influences the way we think

Answer 24

Benjamin Whorf

Question 25

conducted first psychology experiments in first psych laboratory

Answer 25

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 26

studied split brain patients; showed that left/right hemispheres have different functions

Answer 26

Roger Sperry

Question 27

won Nobel prize for research on imprinting, studied instinctive behavior in animals and discovered humans don’t imprint

Answer 27

Konrad Lorentz

Question 28

famous for his hypnosis research; the “hidden observer” theory

Answer 28

Ernest Hilgard

Question 29

experimented with apes and sticks and showed animals have insight; considered to be the founder of Gestalt Psychology

Answer 29

Wolfgang Kohler

Question 30

developer of WAIS and WISC intelligence tests (modern IQ test)

Answer 30

David Wechsler

Question 31

discovered an area of the brain (in the left temporal lobe) involved in language comprehension and expression

Answer 31

Carl Wernicke

Question 32

discovered the part of the brain responsible for coordinating muscles involved in speech

Answer 32

Paul Broca

Question 33

first female president of the APA (1905); a student of William James; denied the PhD she earned from Harvard because of her sex (later, posthumously, it was granted to her)

Answer 33

Mary Calkins

Question 34

described General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

Answer 34

Hans-Selye

Question 35

conducted experiments with dogs that led to the concept of “learned helplessness”

Answer 35

Martin Seligman

Question 36

used visual cliff to discover that depth perception is partially innate

Answer 36

Eleanor Gibson

Question 37

developmental psychologist; found that an infant’s temperament is quite stable over time which explains certain behaviors

Answer 37

Jerome Kagan

Question 38

said our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological response to emotion-arousing stimuli

Answer 38

James and Lange (emotion theory)

Question 39

said an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers physiological responses and the subjective experience of emotion

Answer 39

Cannon and Bard (emotion theory)

Question 40

developed a personality test commonly known as MBTI test

Answer 40

Myers-Briggs

Question 41

magician who exemplifies skepticism; questioned quackery of mind; tested and debunked a variety of psychic phenomena

Answer 41

James Randi