Ch. 11 Vocab Flashcards
a method for assessing an individual’s mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores
intelligence test
general intelligence factor that, according to Spearman and others, underlies specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test
General intelligence
statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (called factors) on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie a person’s total score
factor analysis
a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing
savant syndrome
passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long-term goals
grit
the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions
emotional intelligence
a measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance
mental age
the widely used American revision (by Terman at Stanford University) of Binet’s original intelligence test
Stanford-Binet
defined originally as the ratio of mental age (ma) to chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100; on contemporary intelligence tests, the average performance for a given age is assigned a score of 100, with scores assigned to relative performance above or below average
intelligent quotient (IQ)
a test designed to assess what a person has learned
achievement test
a test designed to predict a person’s future performance
aptitude test
the most widely used intelligence test; contains verbal and performance (nonverbal) subtests
WAIS (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale)
defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group
standardization
a symmetrical, bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many types of data; most scores fall near the mean (about 68 percent fall within one standard deviation of it) and fewer and fewer near the extremes
normal curve
the extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternate forms of the test, or on retesting
reliability
the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to
validity
the extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest
content validity
the success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; it is assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior
predictive validity
a group of people from a given time period
cohort
our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age
crystallized intelligence
our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease during late adulthood
fluid intelligence
a condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life
intellectual disability
a condition of mild to severe intellectual disability and associated physical disorders caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21
Down syndrome
the proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes; may vary, depending on the range of populations and environments studied
heritability
a self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype
stereotype threat
mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations
intelligence
