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AP Psychology > Ch. 5 Vocab > Flashcards

Ch. 5 Vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

a social interaction in which one person (the subject) responds to another person’s (the hypnotist’s) suggestion that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur

A

hypnosis

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2
Q

a suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors

A

posthypnotic suggestion

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3
Q

a split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others

A

dissociation

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4
Q

the biological clock; regular bodily rhythms (for example, of temperature and wakefulness) that occur on a 24-hour cycle

A

circadian rhythm

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5
Q

rapid eye movement sleep; a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur; aka paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active

A

REM sleep

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6
Q

the relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state

A

alpha waves

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7
Q

periodic, natural loss of consciousness—as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation

A

sleep

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8
Q

false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus

A

hallucinations

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9
Q

the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep

A

delta waves

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10
Q

nonrapid eye movement sleep; encompasses all sleep stages except for REM sleep

A

NREM sleep

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11
Q

a pair of cell clusters in the hypothalamus that controls circadian rhythm; in response to light, it causes the pineal gland to adjust melatonin production, thus modifying our feelings of sleepiness

A

suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

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12
Q

recurring problems in falling or staying asleep

A

insomnia

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13
Q

a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times

A

narcolepsy

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14
Q

a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings

A

sleep apnea

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15
Q

a sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, they occur during NREM-3 sleep, within two or three hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered

A

night terrors

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16
Q

a sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person’s mind

A

dream

17
Q

according to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream (as distinct from its latent, or hidden, content)

A

manifest content

18
Q

according to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream (as distinct from its manifest content)

A

latent content

19
Q

the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep)

A

REM rebound

20
Q

continued substance craving and use despite significant life disruption and/or physical risk

A

substance use disorder

21
Q

a chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods

A

psychoactive drug

22
Q

the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug’s effect

A

tolerance

23
Q

compulsive craving of drugs or certain behaviors (such as gambling) despite known adverse consequences

A

addiction

24
Q

the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing an addictive drug or behavior

A

withdrawal

25
Q

drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions

A

depressants

26
Q

(popularly known as alcoholism); alcohol use marked by tolerance, withdrawal, and a drive to continue problematic use

A

alcohol use disorder

27
Q

drugs that depress central nervous system activity, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment

A

barbiturates

28
Q

opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety

A

opiates

29
Q

drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines, cocaine, ecstasy, and methamphetamine) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions

A

stimulants

30
Q

drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes

A

amphetamines

31
Q

a stimulating and highly addictive psychoactive drug in tobacco

A

nicotine

32
Q

a powerful and addictive stimulant, derived from the coca plant, producing temporarily increased alertness and euphoria

A

cocaine

33
Q

a powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels

A

methamphetamine

34
Q

a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen; produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition

A

Ecstasy (MDMA)

35
Q

psychedelic (“mind-manifesting”) drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input

A

hallucinogens

36
Q

a powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid (lysergic acid diethylamide)

A

LSD

37
Q

an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death (such as through cardiac arrest); often similar to drug-induced hallucinations

A

near-death experience

38
Q

the major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations

A

THC

39
Q

our awareness of ourselves and our environment

A

consciousness

AP Psychology (17 decks)

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