Ch. 12 Vocab Flashcards
psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of three key symptoms: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
the concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital
medical model
the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders
DSM-5
psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety
anxiety disorders
an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal
generalized anxiety disorder
an anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable, minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations; often followed by worry over a possible next attack
panic disorder
an anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation
phobia
intense fear of social situations, leading to avoidance of such (Formerly called social phobia.)
social anxiety disorder
fear or avoidance of situations, such as crowds or wide-open places, where one has felt loss of control and panic
agoraphobia
a disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions)
obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)
a disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances and life crises
post-traumatic growth
psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes. See major depressive disorder, mania, and bipolar disorder
mood disorders
a mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or another medical condition, two or more weeks with five or more symptoms, at least one of which must be either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure
major depressive disorder
a mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state
mania
a mood disorder in which a person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania (Formerly called manic-depressive disorder.)
bipolar disorder
compulsive fretting; overthinking about our problems and their causes
rumination
a psychological disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished or inappropriate emotional expression
schizophrenia
a psychological disorder in which a person loses contact with reality, experiencing irrational ideas and distorted perceptions
psychosis
false beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders
delusions
positive symptom of schizophrenia; seeing things that aren’t there
hallucinations
a psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a somatic (bodily) form without apparent physical cause
somatic symptom disorder
a disorder in which a person experiences very specific genuine physical symptoms for which no physiological basis can be found (Also called functional neurological symptom disorder.)
conversion disorder
a disorder in which a person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease (Formerly called hypochondriasis.)
illness anxiety disorder
disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings
dissociative disorder
a rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities; formerly called multiple personality disorder
dissociative identity disorder
an eating disorder in which a person (usually an adolescent female) maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly (15 percent or more) underweight
anorexia nervosa
an eating disorder in which a person alternates binge eating (usually of high-calorie foods) with purging (by vomiting or laxative use) or fasting
bulimia nervosa
significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory purging or fasting that marks bulimia nervosa
binge-eating disorder
psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning
personality disorders
a personality disorder in which a person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members; may be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist
antisocial personality disorder
a syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior
psychological disorder
