Ch. 12 Vocab

Question 1

psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of three key symptoms: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity

Answer 1

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Question 2

the concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital

Answer 2

medical model

Question 3

the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders

Answer 3

DSM-5

Question 4

psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety

Answer 4

anxiety disorders

Question 5

an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal

Answer 5

generalized anxiety disorder

Question 6

an anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable, minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations; often followed by worry over a possible next attack

Answer 6

panic disorder

Question 7

an anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation

Answer 7

phobia

Question 8

intense fear of social situations, leading to avoidance of such (Formerly called social phobia.)

Answer 8

social anxiety disorder

Question 9

fear or avoidance of situations, such as crowds or wide-open places, where one has felt loss of control and panic

Answer 9

agoraphobia

Question 10

a disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions)

Answer 10

obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)

Question 11

a disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience

Answer 11

post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Question 12

positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances and life crises

Answer 12

post-traumatic growth

Question 13

psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes. See major depressive disorder, mania, and bipolar disorder

Answer 13

mood disorders

Question 14

a mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or another medical condition, two or more weeks with five or more symptoms, at least one of which must be either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure

Answer 14

major depressive disorder

Question 15

a mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state

Answer 15

mania

Question 16

a mood disorder in which a person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania (Formerly called manic-depressive disorder.)

Answer 16

bipolar disorder

Question 17

compulsive fretting; overthinking about our problems and their causes

Answer 17

rumination

Question 18

a psychological disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished or inappropriate emotional expression

Answer 18

schizophrenia

Question 19

a psychological disorder in which a person loses contact with reality, experiencing irrational ideas and distorted perceptions

Answer 19

psychosis

Question 20

false beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders

Answer 20

delusions

Question 21

positive symptom of schizophrenia; seeing things that aren’t there

Answer 21

hallucinations

Question 22

a psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a somatic (bodily) form without apparent physical cause

Answer 22

somatic symptom disorder

Question 23

a disorder in which a person experiences very specific genuine physical symptoms for which no physiological basis can be found (Also called functional neurological symptom disorder.)

Answer 23

conversion disorder

Question 24

a disorder in which a person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease (Formerly called hypochondriasis.)

Answer 24

illness anxiety disorder

Question 25

disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings

Answer 25

dissociative disorder

Question 26

a rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities; formerly called multiple personality disorder

Answer 26

dissociative identity disorder

Question 27

an eating disorder in which a person (usually an adolescent female) maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly (15 percent or more) underweight

Answer 27

anorexia nervosa

Question 28

an eating disorder in which a person alternates binge eating (usually of high-calorie foods) with purging (by vomiting or laxative use) or fasting

Answer 28

bulimia nervosa

Question 29

significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory purging or fasting that marks bulimia nervosa

Answer 29

binge-eating disorder

Question 30

psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning

Answer 30

personality disorders

Question 31

a personality disorder in which a person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members; may be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist

Answer 31

antisocial personality disorder

Question 32

a syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior

Answer 32

psychological disorder