People

Question 1

• No short term memory
• Couldn’t remember anything but could remember how to play piano b/c played it for decades: had become part of long term memory

Answer 1

Brain Problems

Clive Wearing

Question 2

• Henry Molaison
• No hippocampus
• Couldn’t remember anything
• Documented by Brenda Milner

Answer 2

Brain Problems

HM

Removed in this case

Question 3

• Texas Shooter(Charles Whitman)
• Occasional Pedophile(Alex)
• Unable to respond with rationality ==> altered mental state

Answer 3

Brain Problems

Frontal Lobe Tumor

Question 4

• Using Adult cells to clone mammals
• Created Dolly

Answer 4

History of Cloning

Ian Wilmut et al

Question 5

• Mammal cloning from nucleus of Blastocysts

Answer 5

History of Cloning

Campbell and Ritchie

Question 6

• Differentiated cells have all the DNA

Answer 6

History of Cloning

John Gurdon

Question 7

• 1st SCNT cloning in frog with unspecialized cells
• Devleoping a technique to move nuclei from one cell to another
• Increased cell differentiation led to less generalized DNA

Answer 7

History of Cloning

Briggs & King

Question 8

• Cells are totipotent
• Nucleus can create clones by transplant

Answer 8

History of Cloning

Hans Driesh

Question 9

• 2006
• Forms pluripotent stem cells from Mouse skin = iPSC

Answer 9

Stem Cell History

Yamanaka

Question 10

• 1998
• first human stem cell line while killing embryo

Answer 10

Stem Cell History

Dr.James Thompson

Question 11

• 1996
• No federal money to embryonic research
• No money for embryonic creation/ destruction for research

Answer 11

Stem Cell History

Picky-Wicker Amendment

Question 12

• 1981
• Infinitely spreading Mouse stem cells(from blastocyst) on dish

Answer 12

Stem Cell History

Martin Evans and Matthew Kaufman

Question 13

• Sci Philosopher
• Sci driven by paradigm
  –> continually shifts and needs to be rebuilt
• Incommensurability: Break from past everytime ==> continuous relearning

Answer 13

Problems with Science

Thomas Kuhn

Question 14

• DNA comprises of various amounts of A,C,T,G
  
  • %A≈%T and %C≈%G

Answer 14

DNA Discovery

Erwin Chargaff

Question 15

• Found helix of DNA through Xray Crystallography

Answer 15

DNA Discovery

Rosalind Franklin

Question 16

• Nobel Laureate
• Boss of Rosalind who showed W & C X-ray crystallography

Answer 16

DNA Discovery

Maurice Wilkins

Question 17

• Found GFP genetic code and can be used in other organzisms

Answer 17

Gene Flourescent Protein

Douglas Prasher

Question 18

• Found GFP
• Nobel Laureate

Answer 18

Gene Flourescent Protein

Shimomura

Question 19

• Put GFP into E.coli. by annealing it to plasmid DNA
• Nobel Laureate

Answer 19

Gene Flourescent Protein

Marty Chalfie

Question 20

• Found GFP-like proteins in corals ==> Red version

Answer 20

Gene Flourescent Protein

Lukyanov

Question 21

• Manipulated GFP to make many different colors
• Nobel Laureate

Answer 21

Gene Flourescent Protein

Tsien

Question 22

• 1987
• Discovered Plaindromes(Usually in Viral DNA) in Bacterial DNA
• Named it Clustered Regualary Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats(CRISPR)

Answer 22

CRISPR

Yoshizumi Ishino

Question 23

• 2003
• Realizes CRISPR = restriction enzyme against Viruses

Answer 23

CRISPR

Fransisco Mojica

Question 24

• 2007
• Spacers = bacterial protection

Answer 24

CRISPR

Rodolphe Barrangou

Question 25

• 2007
• Cas proteins cut viral DNA/RNA

Answer 25

CRISPR

Kira Makarova

Question 26

• 2007: RNA sequences withing protein ==> specific use
• can be used to do gene editing
• Nobel Laureate
• Became leader in gene editing Moritorium

Answer 26

CRISPR

Jennifer Doudna

Question 27

• 2010
• Tracer RNA = cutter
• 2011(with Doudna): Make CRISPR Mechanism

Answer 27

CRISPR

Emmanuele Charpentier

Question 28

• 2016
• edited Cancer Cell

Answer 28

CRISPR

Lu You