Consciousness/Brain/ Identity

Question 1

Brain Tour

Parts of Neuron

Answer 1

• Dendrites = Input
• Cell Body = Integration
• Axon = Output

Question 2

Brain Tour

Neural Communication

Answer 2

• Nerves = 1000s of neurons
• Synapes and neurotransmitters

Question 3

Brain Tour

Brain Parts for Fear

general

Answer 3

1. Frontal: Thinking + Decision-making + Dampening Fear
2. Amygdala: Fear
3. Hippocampus: Memory Processing

Question 4

Brain Tour

Processing Types

Answer 4

• Bottom Up: Understanding things by taking sensory info ==> Assembly and Integration
  
  • Sensory Info affects Models, Ideas, Expectations
• Top -up: Models, Ideas, Expectations affect Sensory Info

Question 5

Brain Tour

What affects decision-making

Answer 5

• Outside chem exposures
• Brain Anatomy
• hormone levels
• Sleep
• Drugs and Alcohol

Question 6

Brain Tour

Ventromedial PFC

Answer 6

• Self-thinking
• Seeing ourself in others
• Damage ==> NO past or future knowledge

Question 7

Brain Tour

No Hippocampus?

Answer 7

• No memory and can only remember thought to finish, then forgotten

Question 8

Brain Tour

The Memory Journey

Answer 8

1. Cortex
2. Hippocampus
3. Short Term Memory
4. Long Term Memory
   
   1. Declarative: Concious Telling
      a. Episodic: Life Events
      b. Semantic: Knowing Facts
   2. Nondeclarative: Unconcious Showing

Question 9

Brain Tour

Basal Ganglia and Cerebrum

Answer 9

• Intrinsic(Nondeclarative) Memory
• Skills & priming(can name things quickly after seeing them)

Question 10

Brain Tour

Autobiographical(declarative) Memory

Answer 10

• Episodic + Semantic
• Hippocampus + Amygdala

Question 11

Brain Tour

How memory works

Answer 11

• Requires attention
• Recalled memories ==> neurons rewired

Question 12

Brain Tour

Memory Levels vs Conciousness

Answer 12

1. Episodic <==> Autonoetic(Self-Events)
2. Semantic <==> Noetic(Facts)
3. Periodic <==> Anoetic(Procedural)

Question 13

Free Will

Meaning of Free Will

Answer 13

Autonomy to do anything

Question 14

Free Will

Determinism

Answer 14

• God(Omnipotent) controls all actions
• Cons:
  
  • Lets bad occur
  • Need to have faith for Free Will

Question 15

Free Will: Neuroscience

Biological Tests

Prove Less Free Will

Answer 15

• Libet: moving finger
• Haynes: Addition/Subtraction
• Biology restricts free will

Question 16

Free Will

What determines who you are

Answer 16

Your mind which shifts with neuroplasticity

Question 17

Brain Problems

Frontal Lobe Tumor

Answer 17

• Texas Shooter(Charles Whitman)
• Occasional Pedophile(Alex)
• Unable to respond with rationality ==> altered mental state

Question 18

Brain Problem Types

Frontotemporal Dementia

Answer 18

• Alex(pedo) + Parkinson’s patients
• Lose control of their hidden impulses

Question 19

Brain Problems

Homicidal Sonambulism

Answer 19

• Sleepwalking Killer

Question 20

Brain Problems

HM

Removed in this case

Answer 20

• Henry Molaison
• No hippocampus
• Couldn’t remember anything
• Documented by Brenda Milner: memory = basal ganglia + cerebellum + hippocampus

Question 21

Brain Problems

Clive Wearing

Answer 21

• No short term memory
• Couldn’t remember anything but could remember how to play piano b/c played it for decades: had become part of long term memory

Question 22

Human Body

How to save memory

Answer 22

• Rehersal and active mantainance

Question 23

Types of Memory

Episodic Memory Storage

Answer 23

• Medial Temporal Lobe