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IKK - Anatomy Exam 2 > Pelvis/Pelvic Floor > Flashcards

Pelvis/Pelvic Floor Flashcards

1
Q

The pelvis is divided into 2 regions by ___

A

pelvic brim

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2
Q

What are the two regions of the pelvis?

A

false pelvis (greater pelvis)

true pelvis (lesser pelvis)

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3
Q

Describe the borders of the false pelvis

A

false pelvis aka greater pelvis

bordered by iliac crest all the way down to pubic symphysis at sacroiliac joint

pelvic inlet is continuous with the abdominal cavity

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4
Q

Describe the borders of the true pelvis

A

pelvic outlet is closed off below by muscular pelvic floor

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5
Q

What are the pouches in the pelvic cavity male vs. female

A

Male: rectovesical pouch

Female: recouterine pouch and vesicouterine pouch

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6
Q

Are the viscera of the pelvic cavity retroperitoenal or intraperitoneal? Why?

A

Retroperitoneal

Because pelvic cavity is lined with continuum with the peritoneum from the abdominal cavity

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7
Q

The pelvis is made up of what bones?

A

1 sacrum (5 fused sacral vertebrae)

2 os coxae (ileum, ischium and pubis)

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8
Q

Describe the sexual dimophism of the pelvis

A

Female:

  • Oval to rounded pelvic brim
  • Wider pubic arch with subpubic angle >80
  • obturator foramen is oval
  • acetabulum is small
  • flared iliac wings (alae)
  • Ischial tuberosities farther apart
  • Sacrum shorter and less curved

Male

  • heart shaped pelvic brim
  • greater pelvis is deeper
  • lesser pelvis is narrow and deep
  • pubic arch is narrow with subpubic arch <70
  • obturator foramen is round/heart shaped
  • acetabulum is large
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9
Q

What are the ligaments of the pelvis? 7

A
  1. Pubic symphysis
  2. Anterior sacroiliac lig
  3. posterior sacroiliac lig
  4. sacrotuberous lig
  5. sacrospinous lig
  6. obturator membrane
  7. interosseos lig
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10
Q

Describe the pubic symphysis

A

ligament of the pelvis

connects 2 pubic bones

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11
Q

Describe the anterior sacroiliac ligament

A

ligament of the pelvis

crosses sacro-iliac joint anteriorly

broad

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12
Q

Describe the posterior sacroiliac ligament

A

ligament of the pelvis

crosses sacroiliac joint posteriorly

broad

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13
Q

Describe the sacrotuberous ligament

A

ligament of the pelvis

From ischial tuberosity to sacrum/coccyx

lower border of the lesser sciatic foramen

seen best posteriorly

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14
Q

Describe sacrospinous ligament

A

ligament of the pelvis

from ischial spine to sacrum/coccyx

lower boundary of the greater sciatic foramen

seen best anteriorly

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15
Q

Describe the obturator membrane

A

ligament of the pelvis

closes off obturator foramen

becomes lower border of obturator canal

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16
Q

Describe interosseous ligament

A

ligament of the pelvis

between the sacrum and iliac in the sacroiliac joint

lies interosseous (bw bone) and between anterior and posterior sacroiliac ligaments so we cannot see it.

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17
Q

What are the muscles of the pelvic walls?

A
  1. Obturator internus muscle

2. Piriformis muscle

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18
Q

Describe the location of the piriformis muscle

A

muscle of the pelvic wall

runs from anterior sacrum to greater trochanter of the femur

passes behind the greater sciatic notch and thru greater sciatic foramen

closes off the posterior/superior pelvic outlet

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19
Q

Describe the location of the obturator internus muscle

A

muscle of the pelvic wall

runs from obturator foramen to greater trochanter

covered with thick fascia and attaches to levator ani as a tendinous arch

passes through greater sciatic foramen

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20
Q

What is the innervation for the pelvis wall muscles?

A

obturator internus = L5/S1 innervation

piriformis muscle =S1/S2 innervation

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21
Q

Do both obturator internus and pitiformis muscle act on hip joints?

A

yes.

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22
Q

What are the apertures in the pelvic wall?

A

greater and lesser sciatic notches are subdivided by pelvic wall muscles/ligaments

sacriospinous ligament greaters lesser border of greater sciatic foramen

piriformis thru greater sciatic foramen creates space superior/inferiorto piriformis

sacrotuberous ligament creates inferior border of lesser sciatic foramen

obturator internus muscle creates space superior and inferior

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23
Q

What does the pelvic diaphragm separate?

A

the pelvic cavity from the perineum

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24
Q

What are the two components to the pelvic diaphragm?

A

Levator Ani muscles and Coccygenus muscles

^these are both bilateral

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25
Q

What are the 3 components to the levator ani muscles?

A

Iliococcygenus
Pubococcygeus
Puborectalis

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26
Q

The coccygenus portion of the pelvic diaphragm covers what?

A

sacrospinous ligament

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27
Q

Do other muscles assist the muscles of the pelvic diaphragm?

A

yes.

pelvic diaphragm assisted by pitiformis and obturator internus m

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28
Q

between 2 thighs there are 2 triangular regions. What are they?

A

urogenital triangle

anal triangle

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29
Q

What is the passageway in the urogenital triangle?

A

passageway of urinary and genital system

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30
Q

What is the passageway of the anal traingle?

A

passage of rectum and anus

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31
Q

What is the perineum?

A

a membrane beneath the pelvic muscles

32
Q

What is the perineal body?

A

the connection between the anal triangle and the urogenital triangle

33
Q

What is the perineal membrane?

A

Extends inferiorly posteriorly and anteriorly to hold the deep transverse perinneal mm in the deep perineal pouch

this is the urogenital diaphragm

34
Q

What muscles are present in the male deep perinneal pouch?

A

deep transverse perinneal mm

external urethral sphincter

35
Q

What muscles are present in the female deep perinneal pouch?

A

deep transverse perinneal mm

external urethral sphincter

compressor urethrae mm

sphincter urethrovaginalis mm

36
Q

What are the pelvic viscera?

A

Ureters, Bladder, Urethra, Rectum, Anal Canal, Uterus (women), external genitalia

37
Q

What does the deep transverse perineal mm blend with?

A

sphincter mm of urethra in vagina (female)

38
Q

How do the ureters get into the pelvis? How to get to bladder?

A

cross the external iliac vessels and descend into pelvis

Travel to posterolateral aspect of urinary bladder

39
Q

How does ureter get to bladder in females?

A

“water under the bridge”

Ureter runs posterior (“under”) the uterine artery

40
Q

How does ureter get to bladder in males?

A

ductus deferens crosses ureter

41
Q

What is the muscle in urinary bladder?

A

smooth muscle

detrusor urinae

42
Q

What is detrusor urinae?

A

smooth muscle in the urinary bladder

43
Q

What is inferior extend of female bladder?

A

perineum and pubivesical ligament

44
Q

What is inferior extend of male bladder?

A

pubovesical ligament, perineum and prostate

45
Q

Where is the prostate found?

A

between the bladder and perineum

46
Q

What is the passageway of the urethra in relation to the prostate?

A

The urethra passes through the prostate

think: prostatic urethra

47
Q

The female urethra pierces the anterior portion of the _____ between what?

A

pierces anterior portion of urogenital diaphragm

between the bladder and external urethral orifice

48
Q

What is periurethral gland?

A

lubricating opening of urethra and protecting epithelium against the urine itself

aka skene’s gland

49
Q

What are the portions of the male urethra?

A

pre-prostatic portion
prostatic portion
membraneous portion
spongy/penile urethra

50
Q

Pre-prostatic part of male urethra?

A

very small

51
Q

What part of the male urethra is where the urogenital tracts combine?

A

prostatic portion

52
Q

What portion of the male urethra passes through the perineum?

A

the membraneous urethra

53
Q

What portion of the male urethra goes to the external urethral orifice?

A

spongy/penile urethra

54
Q

Rectum is normally constricted by ____

A

puborectal sling
(which is the puborectalis muscle of the levator ani)

“u shaped”

55
Q

What is the puborectal sling?

A

part of the puborectalis muscle of the levator ani that contsributs the rectum

“u shaped”

56
Q

What is the anal rectal flexure created by?

A

puborectalis mm (the most medial portion of this mm)

anal rectal flexure is when it turns from rectal to anal

57
Q

Anal canal emerges in ___, ____ to pelvis floor

A

emerges at anal triangle inferior to pelvic floor

58
Q

Anal canal is continuous with ___ at ____.

A

rectum at anorectal junction

curvature of perineal junction forms anorectal flexure

59
Q

What are the 3 male reproductive galnds?

A
  1. seminal vesicles
  2. prostate galnd
  3. bulbourethral (cowper’s) gland
60
Q

Where are seminal vesicles?

A

join the vas deferens and empties into prostatic urethra

forms ejaculatory ducts

61
Q

How big is the prostate gland and where is it located?

A

walnut sized

between bladder and urogenital diaphragm

62
Q

Where are bulbo-urethral gland? How big? Where does it empty?

A

in deep perinneal pouch, within urogenital diaphragm

empties into penile urethra

2 pea sized balls

63
Q

Uterine tubes are an open channel from ____ to ____

A

peritoneal cavity to uterus

64
Q

What are the 4 parts of the uterine tube?

A

fimbriae, infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus

65
Q

The uterus is ___ long and enlarges ___x during pregnancy

A

7cm

20x

66
Q

How is the uterus oriented in the pelvic cavity?

A

anteverted

at right angle to vaginal canal

67
Q

What is the uterine cervix?

A

inferior neck of uterus protruding into vaginal canal

68
Q

External os is opening of ___ into the ____

A

opening of cervix into vagina

69
Q

Internal os is opening of ___ into the ___

A

opening uterus to cervical canal

70
Q

What is the vaginal fornix? What is it’s orientation?

A

circular gutter surrounding cervix

deeper posterior than anterior

71
Q

What are the uterine ligaments?

A
  1. suspensory ligament
  2. broad ligament
  3. ovarian ligament
  4. round ligament of the uterus
72
Q

What is the suspensory ligament of the ovary?

A

peritoneum covering OVARIAN VESSELS and NERVES

73
Q

What is the broad ligament?

A

peritoneum covering uterus and adnexa (adnexa = tubes and ovaries)

74
Q

What is adnexa?

A

tubes and ovaries

75
Q

What is the ovarian ligament? What is embryological derivative?

A

anchors ovary to uterus

aka ovarian ligament proper

gubernaculum derivative

76
Q

What is the round ligament of the uterus?

A

continuation of the ovarian ligament

passes through inguinal canal to fuse with labia majora

77
Q

What is the mesovarium?

A

posterior extension of the broad ligament

IKK - Anatomy Exam 2 (13 decks)

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