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IKK - Anatomy Exam 2 > Embryo: GI, Urinary, Pituitary > Flashcards

Embryo: GI, Urinary, Pituitary Flashcards

1
Q

What are the cranial and caudal limits of the GI tract?

A

Cranial limit = oropharyngeal membrane

Caudal limit = cloacal membrane

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2
Q

Vitteline Duct

A

Temporary connection during lateral folding

Endoderm is incorporated as midgut through vitteline duct.

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3
Q

Omphaloenteric Duct

A

Another name for vitteline duct

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4
Q

How is endoderm incorporated into GI tract?

A

epithelial lining and glands of the GI tract

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5
Q

How is mesoderm incorporated into GI tract?

A

Splanchnic (visceral) mesoderm: smooth muscle and connective tissue of GI tract

During folding mesoderm forms peritoneal around gut tube

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6
Q

Intraperitoneal vs. Retroperitoneal

A

Intraperitoneal = organs that are completely enclosed in mesentery and connected to wall via mesentery

Retroperitoneal = organ that lies against posterior body wall and is covered with peritoneum on anterior surface only

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7
Q

Peritoneum definition

A

serous membrane lining abdominal cavity and organs (we have parietal peritoneum and visceral peritoneum)

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8
Q

Parietal Peritoneum (definition and what is it derived form?)

A

Lines body wall

Derived from somatic mesoderm

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9
Q

Visceral Peritoneum (definition and what is it derived form?)

A

Lines organs

Derived from splanchnic mesoderm

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10
Q

Mesentery: definition

A

Mesentery = double layer folds of peritoneum that suspend organs from body wall and hold them to either ventral or dorsal wall

(We have a dorsal mesentery and a ventral mesentery)

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11
Q

Dorsal Mesentery (definition and what is it derived form?)

A

Holds midgut to posterior body wall. Runs entire length of gut tube.

Derived from splanchnic mesoderm

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12
Q

Ventral Mesentery (definition and what is it derived form?)

A

Associated with foregut.

Mesoderm of septum transversum that is between the liver and the foregut and the liver of the ventral abdominal wall.

Derived from splanchnic mesoderm

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13
Q

What can mesentery contain?

A

reminder: mesentery is a double-layer of peritoneum that suspends an organ from the body wall

can contain connective tissue, fat, blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves

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14
Q

Both dorsal mesentery and ventral mesentery are derived from ____.

A

Splanchnic mesoderm

Think: Mesentery means they are in contact with organs. Therefore from splanchnic.

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15
Q

Dorsal Mesentery Divisions

A
  1. Dorsal Mesogastrium (or greater omentum)
  2. Mesoduodenum
  3. Mesentery Proper
  4. Dorsal Mesocolon
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16
Q

Dorsal Mesogastrium

A

aka Greater Omentum

Dorsal mesentery division of the STOMACH

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17
Q

Greater Omentum

A

aka Dorsal Mesogastrium

Dorsal mesentery division of the STOMACH

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18
Q

Mesoduodenum

A

Dorsal mesentery division of DUODENUM

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19
Q

Mesentery Proper

A

Dorsal mesentery division of JEJUNA and ILEAL LOOPS

aka holds small intestine to posterior wall

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20
Q

Dorsal Mesocolon

A

Dorsal mesentery division of the COLON

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21
Q

Ventral Mesentery (definition and what is it derived form?)

A

Derived from septum transversum

Exists only in region of terminal esophagus, stomach and upper part of duodenum (ie FOREGUT)

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22
Q

Septum Transversum gives rise to _______

A

Mesodermal tissue that gives rise to central tendon of diaphragm and connective tissue in the liver

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23
Q

The liver grows into mesenchyme of septum transversum and divides _____ into ____&____

A

The liver grows into mesenchyme of septum transversum and divides the ventral mesentery into

LESSER OMENTUM and FALCIFORM LIGAMENT

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24
Q

Lesser Omentum (what is it and how is it formed?)

A

Extends from lower portion of esophagus, stomach and upper portion of duodenum to liver

formed from liver growing into mesenchyme of septum transversum and dividing ventral mesentery (into lesser omentum and falciform ligament)

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25
Q

Falciform Ligament (what is it and how is it formed?)

A

Extends from liver to ventral body wall

formed from liver growing into mesenchyme of septum transversum and dividing ventral mesenchyme (into lesser omentum and falciform ligament)

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26
Q

Round ligament of the liver

A

aka Ligamentum teres hepatis

free inferior margin of falciform ligament

contains obliterated umbilical vein

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27
Q

Ligamentum Teres Hepatis

A

aka Round ligament of the liver

free inferior margin of falciform ligament

contains obliterated umbilical vein

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28
Q

Hepatoduodenual Ligament

A

Free margin of lesser omentum connecting duodenum and liver

Contains the portal triad (bile duct, portal vein, hepatic artery)

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29
Q

Portal triad (what is it and where is it found?)

A

BILE DUCT, PORTAL VEIN, HEPATIC ARTERY

Contained within hepatoduodenual ligament (free margin of lesser omentum)

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30
Q

How is the ectoderm incorporated into GI tract? Think derivation

A

Enteric system (brain of the gut)

Enteric system is derived from neural crest cells (ectoderm)

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31
Q

What is the enteric system? Where is it derived from?

A

Ectodermal contribution to GI tract (derived from neural crest cells)

“Brain of the gut” - functions without innervation from the brain, it functions on it’s own.

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32
Q

Component of foregut

A 
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Proximal 1/2 duodenum
(includes major duodenal papillae - pancreatic and bile duct papillae)
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33
Q

Components of midgut

A 
Distal 1/2 duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Secum
Ascending Colon
Proximal 2/3 Transverse Colon
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34
Q

Components of hindgut

A 
Distal 1/3 Transverse Colon
Descending Colon
Sigmoid Colon
Rectum
Anus
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35
Q

Arterial Supply to GI tract?

A

Each gut region supplied by a major artery off of ABDOMINAL AORTA

  1. Foregut = CELIAC TRUNK ARTERY
  2. Midgut = SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY
  3. Hindgut = INFERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY
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36
Q

Foregut derivatives

A

Pharynx, lower respiratory system, esophagus, stomach, proximal 1/2 duodenum (including pancreatic and bile duct papillae)

Associated organs: liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen (although spleen not digestive organ)

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37
Q

Esophagus & outgrowth

A

Immediately caudal to pharynx

Endodermal outgrowth week 4 = tracheobronchial diverticulum (aka respiratory diverticulum aka lung bud)

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38
Q

Tracheobronchial Diverticulum

A

(or respiratory diverticulum or lung bud)

Endodermal outgrowth from esophagus on ventral side of foregut

Becomes trachae, respiratory tree and lungs

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39
Q

Greater curvature / lesser curvature of stomach

A

Week 4
Stomach appears as fusiform dilation of foregut

As stomach enlarges, dorsal side expands faster = greater curvature of stomach

ventral side expands slower = lesser curvature

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40
Q

Stomach rotation: where do lesser/greater curvatures end?

A

90deg CLOCKWISE around longitudinal axis (anteroposterior axis) - as if looking SUPERIOR

ventral side (lesser curvature) = RIGHT

dorsal side (greater curvature) = LEFT

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41
Q

What are cardia and pylorus? Where do they go during stomach rotation?

A 
Cardia = cephalic part of stomach
Pylorus = caudal part of stomach

Both initially lie in midline. After growth and stomach rotation (alone anteroposterior axis):

  • Cardia (cephalic) = slightly downward and left
  • Pylorus (caudal) = up and to the right
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42
Q

What happens to dorsal mesogastrium during stomach rotation?

A

Carried to the left

This enlarges a space posterior to stomach (omental bursa aka lesser sac of peritoneum)

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43
Q

What is the omental bursa?

A

As a result of mesogastrium movement during rotation, space posterior to stomach is enlarged.

Space is called omental bursa or lesser sac of peritoneum.

Continuous with greater sac of peritoneum

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44
Q

What is the lesser sac of peritoneum?

A

As a result of mesogastrium movement during rotation, space posterior to stomach is enlarged.

Space is called omental bursa or lesser sac of peritoneum.

Continuous with greater sac of peritoneum

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45
Q

Spleen Premidorium

A

Mesodermal proliferation within dorsal mesogastrium

dorsal mesogastrium lengthens, portions between spleen and dorsal midline swing left, fusing with peritoneum of posterior abd. wall

INTRAPERITONEAL

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46
Q

Lienorenal ligament and gastrorenal ligament

A

Lienorenal ligament = connects spleen to body wall in left kidney region

Gastrolienal ligament - connects spleen to stomach

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47
Q

Greater Omentum definition

A

single, 4-layer sheet hangs from greater curvature of stomach

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48
Q

Greater Omentum formation

A

As stomach rotates, dorsal mesogastrium extends inferiorly, forms sac (space) lined by double-layers on either side.

Sac extends over transverse colon and small intestinal loops

Two sides of double layer of sac fuse, creating 1, 4-layered sheet off of greater curv. of stomach

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49
Q

In rotation, where does duodenum end?

A

Right side.

Think. Greater curv of stomach ends LEFT, where is pylorus? Duodenum comes from there.

Duodenum rotates because of rotation AND head of pancreas growth

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50
Q

What leads to duodenal swinging away fro midline? Where does it go?

A

Stomach rotation and head of pancreas growth.

Duodenum swings RIGHT (from midline)

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51
Q

Are the duodenum/pancrease retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal?

A

Duodenum and head of pancreas = RETROPERITONEAL (against dorsal body wall)

duodenal cap (near pylorus) = intraperitoneal

small portion of head of pancreas = intraperitoneal

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52
Q

Liver Primodrium (when and where?)

A

Week 3
appears at distal end of foregut as outgrowth of endodermal epithelium

= LIVER BUD (HEPATIC DIVERTICULUM)

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53
Q

What does the liver primodrium do?

A

As the liver bud (hepatic diverticulum) proliferates, it penetrates septum transversum which splits the ventral mesentery into falciform ligament and lesser omentum

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54
Q

What does the Common Bile Duct connect?

A

Narrow connection between the liver and foregut (DUODENUM)

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55
Q

Cystic Duct (what and where?)

A

Ventral outgrowth of common bile duct

connection between common bile duct and gallbladder

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56
Q

Dorsal pancreatic bud and ventral pancreatic bud

  • what do they originate from?
  • where do they grow from?
A

both originate from endodermal lining of duodenum

dorsal bud = grows from within the dorsal mesentery

ventral bud = outgrowth of the common bile duct

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57
Q

How do ventral and dorsal pancreatic buds come together? How are they arranged? What do they form?

A

As duodenum rotates, ventral pancreatic duct swings clockwise with it (because originates as outgrowth of common bile duct) until meets dorsal bud.

Ventral bud is behind and below dorsal bud.

Together = PANCREATIC DUCT

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58
Q

What do ventral pancreatic duct and dorsal pancreatic duct form respectively?

A

ventral pancreatic duct = ucinate process of the head, inferior portion of the head of pancreas

dorsal pancreatic duct = rest of head of pancreas, neck, body and tail

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59
Q

What are the midgut derivatives?

A

distal 1/2 duodenum (after pancreatic/bile papillae)

jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon and proximal 2/3 transverse colon

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60
Q

What shape is the midgut?

A

U-shape around the superior mesenteric artery

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61
Q

Primary Intestinal Loop (what is it? how is it formed?)

A

Formed by rapid elongation of gut and mesenteries

Two parts: CEPHALIC LIMB & CAUDAL LIMB

formed around the superior mesenteric artery

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62
Q

Cephalic limb becomes…

A

Cephalic limb is a part of the primary intestinal loop

Becomes

  • Distal 1/2 duodenum
  • Jejunum
  • Proximal Ileum
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63
Q

Caudal limb becomes…

A

Caudal limb is part of the primary intestinal loop

Becomes
- distal ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, proximal 2/3 of transverse colon

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64
Q

What is between the two limbs of the primary intestinal loop?

A

The Vitteline Duct is between the caudal limb and the cephalic limb of the primary intestinal loop

Vitteline duct is a temporary connection bteween the gut tube and the yolk sac

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65
Q

First midgut rotation

A

Week 6
90deg counterclockwise rotation around superior mesenteric artery

causes physiological umbilical herniation (weeks 6-10 where intestinal loops enter extra-embryonic cavity)

66
Q

Second midgut rotation

A

Week 10
180deg counterclockwise rotation around the superior mesenteric artery

brings midgut back into normal *definitive) position

67
Q

After 2nd midgut rotation, what are the definitive positions of all of the components?

A

Ascending and Descending Colons = secondarily retroperitoneal (because started off intraperitoneal)

Appendix, lower end of cecum, sigmoid colon = intraperitoneal because maintain their free mesenteries

68
Q

What are the midgut mesenteries?

A

Transverse mesocolon and Mesentery proper

-Renamed because now in definitive position after midgut rotation

69
Q

Transverse Mesocolon

A

From hepatic flexure of ascending colon to splenic flexure of descending colon

Fuses with posterior wall of greater omentum (maintains mobility) = INTRA PERITONEAL

70
Q

Mesentery Proper

A

Mesentery of jejunoileal loops

Line of attachment extends from where duodenum because intraperitoneal to ileocecal junction

71
Q

Describe the process of re-canalization and when it occurs in the gut tube

A

Recanalization = remaking a canal. Originally a tube, became occluded, then became tube again.

Wk 6: proliferation of endodermal lining occludes gut tube

Wk 9: gut tube re-canalization is complete

72
Q

Meckel’s Diverticulum (Ileal Diverticulum)

A

Remnanet of vitteline duct persists in finger-like outpouching of ileum (40-60cm from ileocecal jxn)

May contain: pancreatic tissue/gastric mucosa that secrete acid causing ulcers/bleeding

Most common GI malformation in ~2% population

73
Q

Omphalomesenteric fistula

A

less common persistence of vitteline duct

GI tract open to outside world

74
Q

Omphalomesenteric vyst

A

less common persistence of vitteline duct

tissue and cyst remain within what was the vitteline duct

75
Q

Omphalomesenteric ligament

A

less common persistence of vitteline duct

fibrous band

holds midgut to the abdominal wall

76
Q

Hindgut derivatives

A 
Distal 1/3 transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum
superior portion of anal canal
77
Q

Urorectal septum (what is it and where does it grow?)

A

partitions the cloaca

grows inferiorly towards the cloacal membrane (separates into urogenital membrane and anorectal membrane)

partitions the cloaca into ventral urogenital sinus and dorsal anorectal sinus

78
Q

When does cloacal membrane rupture?

A

week 7

79
Q

Which portions of the anal canal are endoderm/ectoderm?

A

Endoderm = superior 2/3

Ectoderm = inferio 1/3

80
Q

Proctodeum definition

A

anal pit

81
Q

Pectinate line

A

junction of endodermal and ectodermal regions

82
Q

How does epithelium change through anal canal?

A

Endoderm is columnar

Ectoderm is stratified squamous

83
Q

When does the urinary system begin formation?

A

Weeks 4-5

84
Q

Urinary system is developing at the same time as what other system?

A

reproductive system

85
Q

Urinary and reproductive system are both derived from _____

A

intermediate mesoderm along posterior abdomen

86
Q

Urogenital system is divided into two different systems ____ & ____. Are the two connected?

A

Urinary system and reproductive system

They are interconnected embryologically (both from intermediate mesoderm) and anatomically

87
Q

Intermediate mesoderm swells to form _____

A

Urogenital ridge (bilaterally)

88
Q

The urogenital ridge is a swelling of ___ that bulges out into the ____

A

swelling of intermediate mesoderm

bulges out into the intraembryonic coelomic cavity

89
Q

The urogenital ridge differentiates into a medial ____ ridge and a lateral ____ ridge.

A

Medial ridge = genital ridge for reproductive system

Lateral ridge = nephrogenic cord/ridge for urinary system

90
Q

What happens to the nephrogenic cord during folding?

A

Lateral body wall folds come together (WEEK 4), nephrogenic cord gets pushed being lateral plate mesoderm

making nephrogenic cord RETROPERITONEAL

91
Q

3 kidney systems throughout development

A

Pronephros, mesonephros and metanephros
(in that order)

These develop sequentially cranial to caudal

92
Q

When does pronephros begin? When does it end?

A

Begins at start of week 4, ends at end of week 4

93
Q

What marks the beginning of pronephros?

A

7-10 solid cells groups in intermediate mesoderm of cervical region

94
Q

Is the pronephros a functional system?

A

Not in humans

It has an inductive role - lays the foundation for mesonephric kidney development

95
Q

When does mesonephros begin?

A

Early in week 4 (overlaps with pronephros degeneration)

96
Q

Is mesonephros a functional system?

A

Functional through weeks 6- 10

Excretory units (nephrons)
Collecting ducts (mesonephric ducts of wolffian ducts)
97
Q

What region does this mesonephros appear in?

A

upper thoracic region to upper lumbar region (L3)

98
Q

What first appears in mesonephric development?

A

Excretory tubules appear and rapidly lengthen to form S-shaped loop.

they acquire tuft of capillaries (glomerulus)

99
Q

What surrounds the glomerulus?

A

Portion of the tubules called bowman’s capsule

100
Q

How do mesonephric (wolffian) ducts first appear?

A

solid, longitudinal rods within intermediate mesoderm which grow caudally to fuse with cloaca

101
Q

Do mesonephric ducts become incorporated into the bladder?

A

Yes.

They contribute to the posterior wall of the bladder

102
Q

How do mesonephric ducts form from solid rods?

A 
Rod cavitation (starts caudally and runs cranially)
Forms a lumen which forms the mesonephric ducts
103
Q

What happens when mesonephric ducts come in contact with the cloaca?

A

Induces an outpocketing called the ureteric bud

104
Q

What is another name for ureteric bud?

A

Metanephric diverticulum

105
Q

What is the uteric bud?

A

Outgrowth of mesonephric duct close to it’s entrance to the cloaca

106
Q

When does metanephros begin? What marks their beginning?

A

Week 5

Marked by appearance of ureteric buds sprouting at each caudal end of metanephric ducts

107
Q

There are two functional components of the metanephros: ___ & ____

A

Ureteric bud (collecting ducts of kidney)

Metanephric blastema (excretory unit of kidney)

108
Q

What are the collecting portions of the kidney?

A

Collecting tubules, major and minor calyces, renal pelvic, ureter

109
Q

What are the excretory portions of the kidney?

A

(Nephron)

Bowman’s capsule, proximal conv. tubule, loop of henle, distal conv. tubule

110
Q

The ureteric bud forms the ____ portion of the kidney and the metanephric blastema forms the ____ portion of the kidney.

A

Ureteric bud forms collecting duct of kidney

Metanephric blastema forms the excretory duct of kidney

111
Q

How are metanephric blastemas formed?

A

Ureteric bud grows into the intermediate mesoderm of sacral region - inducing mesoderm to form mesonephric blastemas.

They form a cap over the ureteric buds.

112
Q

Ureteric buds form the _____ portion of the kidney which includes _____.

A

Collecting portion

Collecting tubules, major and minor calyces, renal pelvis, ureter

113
Q

Metanephric blastema forms the ____ portion of the kidney which includes ____

A

Excretory portion

Bowman’s capsule, prox conv tubule, loop of henle, distal conv tubule

114
Q

When does the definitive kidney become function?

A

Week 12

115
Q

What are the definitive kidneys formed by?

A

metanephros

116
Q

How is urine passed throughout the amnion?

A

Urine passed into amniotic cavity (mixes with amniotic fluid), urine swallowed by fetus and recycled through kidneys

117
Q

What is the main function of the kidney in fetus?

A

fetal urine produces amniotic fluid

118
Q

What in the fetus excretes waste?

A

Placenta

119
Q

Nephron formation is reliant on _____ induction.

A

Reciprocal induction

120
Q

What is reciprocal induction? Why is it important for nephron formation?

A

Inductive signaling from ureteric bud forms the nephrons

If ureteric bud is abnormal/missing - nephron won’t develop)

121
Q

Where is the definitive kidney initially positioned?

A

pelvic region

122
Q

How are the kidneys initially supplied?

A

When in pelvic region, arterial blood supply from a pelvic branch off of the aorta

123
Q

How are the kidneys supplied during their ascend?

A

receive blood supply from arteries off of aorta at continuously higher levels - these vessels do not stretch, the caudal ones degenerate as new cranial ones develop

124
Q

Where can complications occur during kidney’s ascent? What complications?

A

Kidneys have to pass through “arterial fork” of umbilical arteries - complications can occur here.

Pelvic kidney or horseshoe kidney

125
Q

What is pelvic kidney? What feature are they near?

A

Kidney remains in the pelvis near the common iliac artery

126
Q

What is horseshoe kidney? Where does this occur?

A

As 2 kidneys try to push passed umbilical arteries they are so close together that their inferior poles fuse and they are caught on the root of inferior mesenteric artery

This occurs at the lower lumbar levels

127
Q

When does the bladder develop?

A

Weeks 4-7

128
Q

The urorectal septum divides the cloaca into ___ and ____

A

Urogenital sinus (anteriorly) and the anal canal (posteriorly)

129
Q

What divides the cloaca into two regions? What are the regions?

A

Urorectal septum divides cloaca into urogenital sinus (anterior) and anal canal (posterior)

130
Q

What are the three parts of the urogenital sinus?

A

Vesicle part, pelvic part, phallic part

131
Q

What part of the urogenital sinus develops the bladder?

A

The vesicle part (the largest part)

132
Q

How are the mesonephric ducts and ureteric buds incorporated into the bladder?

A

at posterior wall of bladder

ureteric bud becomes ureters into bladder wall and mesonephric ducts are carried inferiorly to level of pelvic urethra (below the neck of urethra)

133
Q

What is the trigone of bladder?

A

Triangular region of incorporated mesonephric duct on posterior bladder wall

134
Q

What do the 3 parts of the urogenital sinus become in a female?

A

vesicle part = bladder
pelvic part = urethra
phallic part = contributes to the vestibule of the vagina

135
Q

What do the 3 parts of the urogenital sinus become in a male?

A

vesicle part = bladder
pelvic part = prostatic urethra and membraneous urethra
phallic part = penile (spongy) urethrapi

136
Q

Pituitary gland is also called _____

A

hypophysis

137
Q

Pituitary gland is seen in the ____ section of the head

A

sagittal

138
Q

Pituitary gland is craddled in the ______ or _____

A

craddled in the sella turcica or hypophyseal fossa

139
Q

What is the location of the pituitary gland relative to the optic chiasm?

A

pituitary gland is inferior to optic chiasm

140
Q

What is the location of the pituitary gland relative to the hypothalamus?

A

pituitary gland is inferior to hypothalamus

141
Q

What is the location of the pituitary gland relative to the sphenoid sinus?

A

pituitary gland is posterior and superior to the sphenoid sinus

142
Q

What is a placode?

A

a thickening of layering

143
Q

The pituitary gland develops from what two sources?

A

oropharyngeal ectoderm and neuroectoderm

both begin by developing placodes

144
Q

What is Rathke’s pouch?

A

an outpocketing of stomedeum

invagination of oropharyngeal ectoderm that persists in development and eventually closes

145
Q

Invagination of neuroectoderm in pituitary development leads to what

A

a solid mass forming infundibulum and posterior lobe

146
Q

Neuroectoderm in pituitary gland development is an extension of what?

A

the diencephalon

147
Q

What weeks can you clearly see anterior/posterior pituitary gland distinguishing?

A

Weeks 6-10

148
Q

Rathke’s pouch originates from _____ and eventually looses it’s connection with the ____

A

oropharyngeal ectoderm; oral cavity

149
Q

Rathke’s pouch gives rise to what 3 structures?

A
  1. Adenohypophysis (aka pars distalis)
  2. Pars Tuberalis
  3. Pars intermedia
150
Q

Adenohypophysis aka ____

A

Pars distalis

151
Q

Pars tuberalis grows in which direction and along what structure?

A

Pars tuberalis grows as a dorsal extension of anterior lobe superiorly along the stalk

152
Q

Which portion of the anterior lobe develops alongside a nerve plexus? Which nerve plexus?

A

Pars tuberalis grows alongside the hypothalamohypophyseal system (nerve plexus)

153
Q

Where is the pars intermedia located?

A

posterior to anterior lobe - between anterior and posterior pituitary lobes

154
Q

What is the function of the pars intermedia?

A

unknown in humans

has an association with melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) producing cells

155
Q

Which portion of the anterior lobe has a connection with melanocyte stimulating hormone producing cells?

A

Pars intermedia

156
Q

Which portion of the anterior lobe grows along the stalk?

A

Pars tuberalis

157
Q

Which portion of the anterior lobe is found between the anterior and posterior lobes?

A

Pars intermedia

158
Q

What two structures do the posterior lobe give rise to?

A

stalk and pars nervosa (aka neurohypophysis)

159
Q

Pars nervosa aka _____

A

neurohypophysis

160
Q

Where are cell bodies/axon terminals located in the posterior lobe?

A

cell bodies located in hypothalamus
axons project through stalk
axon terminals located in pars nervosa

161
Q

Why do we learn about anterior pituitary development in an embryology lecture?

A

pituitary gland functions in regulating and developing the reproductive system

IKK - Anatomy Exam 2 (13 decks)

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