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Anatomy > Pelvis & Pelvic Floor > Flashcards

Pelvis & Pelvic Floor Flashcards

1
Q

The pelvis is divided into what 2 parts by the pelvic brim?

A
  • false pelivs (above pelvic brim)

- true pelvis (below brim)

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2
Q

The _____ pelvis is above the pelvic brim, pelvic inlet continuous w/ abdominal cavity, from ilum to pelvic brim, also known as greater pelvis

A

false

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3
Q

The _____ pelvis is below the pelvic brim, pelvic outlet closed off below by muscular pelvic floor, also known as lesser pelvis

A

true

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4
Q

The large bowel continues into the _____ pelvis

A

true

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5
Q

The pelvic _______ is the muscular portion of the pelvis that supports the pelvis

A

diaphragm

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6
Q

What are the 2 planes of the perineum; located inferior to the pelvic diaphragm?

A
  • urogenital

- anal

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7
Q

The ______, _______, uterus, and caval system are retroperitoneal

A
  • bladder

- rectum

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8
Q

The ______ bone of the pelvic girdle is made up of ___ fused sacral vertebrae

A
  • sacrum

- 5

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9
Q

The os coxae (2) is made up of what triad of bones?

A
  • ilium
  • ischium
  • pubis
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10
Q

The bones of the os coxae come together at the _______

A

acetabulum (hip joint)

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11
Q

What is the most posterior extent of the pelvic girdle?

A
  • promontory (S1 superior)
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12
Q

What three things come together to from the linea terminalis?

A
  • pubic crest
  • pacten pubis
  • arcuate line
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13
Q

What are the borders of the pelvic brim?

A
  • linea terminalis
  • pubic symphysis
  • promontory
  • margin of ala
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14
Q

What is the shape of the pelvic brim is _______ in males and ______ in females

A
  • heart-shaped

- oval

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15
Q

A women’s pelvis is different than a males to accommodate for _____

A

childbirth

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16
Q

Women have a ______ pubic symphysis

A

shorter

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17
Q

Women have a ____ pubic arch

A

wider

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18
Q

The iliac wings in a female are more _____

A

flared

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19
Q

Ischial tuberosities are _______ _____ in females

A

farther apart

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20
Q

The _____ in females is shorter and less curved

A

sacrum

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21
Q

The subpubic angle is acute in ______ and broader in ______

A
  • males

- females

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22
Q

The ______ ______ dimension of the pelvis is larger in females

A

anterior posterior

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23
Q

What ligament connects the 2 pubic bones?

A

pubic symphysis

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24
Q

The ___ ______ ligament connects the sacrum and ilium anteriorly

A

ant. sacroiliac

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25
Q

The ___ _____ ligament connects the sacrum and ilium posteriorly

A

Post. sacroiliac

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26
Q

The ______ ______closes off obturator foramen (lower border of obturator canal)

A

obturator membrane

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27
Q

The ______ ligament is between the ant.& post. sacroiliac ligaments and bears the entire weight of the upper body

A

interosseous

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28
Q

The ________ ligament is from the ischial spine to sacrum/coccyx

A

sacrospinous

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29
Q

The sacrospinous ligament forms the lower border of the ______ ______ foramen

A

greater sciatic

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30
Q

The ______ ligament is from the ischial tuberosity to sacrum/coccyx

A

sacrotuberous

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31
Q

The sacrotuberous ligament forms the lower border of the _____ _______ foramen

A

lesser sciatic

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32
Q

The sacrospinous ligament is ______ to the sacrotuberous ligament

A

anterior

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33
Q

The _______ m attaches the anterior sacrum to the greater trochanter of the femur at S2-4

A

piriformis

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34
Q

The piriformis m passes _____ the greater sciatic notch and closses off the posterior/superior ______ _____

A
  • behind

- pelvic outlet

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35
Q

The ____ _____ m attaches from the obturator foramen to the greater trochanter

A

obturator internus

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36
Q

The obturator internus is covered w/ thick fascia and attaches to ______ ____ (m. of diaphragm)as tendinous arch

A

levator ani

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37
Q

Pirifromis m is innervated by what 2 nerves?

A

S1, S2

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38
Q

Obturator internus m. is innervated by what two nerves?

A

L5,S1

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39
Q

The ____ _____ separates the pelvic cavity from the perineum, formed by muscles and fascia

A

pelvic floor

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40
Q

What 2 muscles make up the pelvic floor(diaphragm) ? What muscles assist?

A
  • levator ani mm.
  • coccygeus mm.
    • piriformis
  • -obturator internus
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41
Q

The _______ ___mm are the largest components of the pelvic diaphragm (pelvic floor)

A

levator ani

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42
Q

What are the three muscles that make up the levator ani muscles?

A
  • iliococcygeus m.
  • puboccygeus m.
  • puborectalis m.
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43
Q

Pelvic floor = pelvic _____

A

diaphragm

44
Q

What 2 muscles of levator ani support the weight of the large bowel and close it off from the rest of the post. pelvic floor?

A
  • iliococcygeus

- pubococcygeus

45
Q

This muscle of the levator ani mm. is the most medial, holds up the rectum (sling around rectum), and has to relax to allow defecation

A

puborectalis

46
Q

What is found inferior to the floor of the pelvic diaphragm?

A
  • perineal membrane and deep perineal pouch
47
Q

The ______ is a diamond shaped region between thigh; contains 2 triangles

A

perineum

48
Q

What are the 2 triangles of the perineum?

A
  • urogenital

- Anal

49
Q

The ______ triangle is more anterior and involves the passage of the urinary and genital systems?

A

urogenital triangle

50
Q

The urogenital triangle is found deep to trans. perineal. or ______

A

UG diaphragm

51
Q

The ______ triangle involves the passage of the rectum & anus in the

A

anal

52
Q

The anal triangle is in the _____ ______ mm. or pelvic diaphragm

A

pelvic floor

53
Q

The ______ _____ is found at the junction of the anal and urogenital triangles

A

perineal body

54
Q

What is anterior/inferior to the pelvic diaphragm, extends between the 2 pubic arches, and attaches posteriorly to the perineal body?

A

urogenital diaphragm

55
Q

What are the muscles that make up the urogenital diaphragm?

A
  • deep transverse perineal mm.
56
Q

The UG diaphragm blends with the _______ mm. of the urethra and vagina

A

sphincter

57
Q

What transports urine from the kidneys to the bladder?

A

ureters (2)

58
Q

The ureters cross _____ _____ vessels, descend into pelvis and travel to the ________ aspect of the urinary bladder at the trigone

A
  • ext. iliac

- posterolateral

59
Q

The bladder fills and extends _______ bc bones are _______

A
  • superiorly

- inferior

60
Q

In females the _______ a. crosses urter

A

uterine (water (ureter) under bridge (artery))

61
Q

In males the _____ ______ crosses the ureter

A

ductus deferens

62
Q

The _______ _______ stores urine prior to expulsion thru ______

A
  • urinary bladder

- urethra

63
Q

What muscle makes up the urinary bladder? What type of muscle is it?

A
  • detrusor urinae

- smooth m.

64
Q

The urinary bladder is covered by _______ & is supported by the ____ _____

A
  • peritoneum

- pelvic floor

65
Q

The urethra is ______ in females and ______ in males

A
  • shorter

- longer

66
Q

In males the ______ is above the perineum and just below the bladder

A

prostate

67
Q

________ make it hard to evacuate the bladder

A

prostectomies

68
Q

The urethra is ___ - ___ cm in females

A

3.5-4 cm

69
Q

The urethra in females extends from the bladder to the ____ _____ _____

A

external urethral orfice

70
Q

The badder is between the glans clitoris and ______

A

vagina

71
Q

What are the 4 parts to a male’s urethra starting close to the bladder?

A
  • preprostatic
  • prostatic
  • membraneous ( ext. urethra sphincter cont w/ deep perineal m)
  • spongy (ext. out thru penis)
72
Q

The _____ is located in the true pelvis, superior to the pelvic floor

A

rectum

73
Q

The rectum is normally constricted by the U-shaped _______ _____

A

puborectal sling (puborectalis m.)

74
Q

The rectum opens into the _____ _____

A

anal canal

75
Q

The _____ ______ emerges in the anal triangle inferior to pelvic floor and is continuous w/ rectum at anorectal junction at puborectal sling

A

anal canal

76
Q

The puborectal sling produces curvature at the _____ _____ (perineal flexure) and when relaxed allows for ________

A
  • anorectal junction

- defecation

77
Q

What are the 3 layers of the external anal sphincter (skeletal m)?

A
  • superficial
  • subcutaneous
  • deep
78
Q

What are the 5 external organs and structures of the male pelvic viscera?

A

-penis
-testes
spermatic cord
-ductus (vas) deferens
-reproductive glands

79
Q

The _____ are the primary male reproductive organs that are housed in the scrotum

A

testes

80
Q

The ______ _____ has a fascial sheath derided fro m the anterior abdominal wall

A

spermatic cord

81
Q

The spermatic cord runs from the ______ _____ into the ______ to surround the ductus deferens, testicular vessels & nn.

A
  • inguinal canal

- scrotum

82
Q

What are the reproductive glands of the male pelvic viscera?

A
  • seminal vesicles
  • prostate gland
  • bulbourethral (Cowper’s gland)
83
Q

The ______ ______ joins the vas deferens, forms ejaculatroy ducts, empty into prostatic urethra

A

seminal vesicles

84
Q

The _____ _____ is walnut sized, btw bladder & UG diaphragm

A

prostate gland

85
Q

The ______ ______ is 2 peas sized, within UG diaphragm, empty into penile urethera

A

bulbourethral (Cowper’s gland)

86
Q

The ______ _____ runs posterior to inferior epigastrics and over the ureters

A

ductus deferens

87
Q

The ______ are the primary female reproductive organs that produces ova & female hormones

A

ovaries

88
Q

The ovaries are encapsulated and housed in the ____ _____

A

true pelvis

89
Q

___ ovum are released per menstrual cycle

A

1

90
Q

The vagina is _____ to the urethra opening

A

posterior

91
Q

The _____ ______ are muscular tubes for the transport of ovum to uterus

A

uterine(fallopian) tubes

92
Q

The uterine tubes are open channels from ______ _____ to ______ to vagina

A
  • peritoneal cavity

- uterus

93
Q

What are the 4 parts of the uterine tubes from the uterus to the ovary?

A

-isthmus, ampulla, infundibulum, fimbriae

94
Q

The _____ is roughly 7 cm long (may enlarge 20x during pregnancy)

A

uterus

95
Q

The uterus is usually ________ at a right angle to the vaginal canal

A

anteverted

96
Q

The position of the uterus changes with _____ _____ and _____

A
  • full bladder

- pregnancy

97
Q

The ______ ____ is the inferior neck of the uterus protruding into the vaginal canal

A

uterine cervix

98
Q

The uterine cervix opens to the vagina as the ______ ___ and uterus as the _____ ______

A
  • external os

- internal os

99
Q

The mucosal membranes are _____ from the external environment to the peritoneal cavity

A

continuous

100
Q

The ______ ____ is a circular gutter surrounding the cervix, deeper post. than ant.

A

vaginal fornix

101
Q

What are the 4 uterine ligaments?

A

suspensory
broad
ovarian
round ligament of uterus

102
Q

Which uterine ligament is made of peritoneum covering ovarian vessels & nn.?

A

suspensory ligament

103
Q

Which uterine ligament is made of peritoneum covering the uterus and adnexa (around round ligament of uterus)

A

broad

104
Q

Which uterine ligament anchors the ovary to the uterus?

A

ovarian ligament

105
Q

Which uterine ligament is a continuation of the ovarian ligament?

A

round ligament of the uterus

106
Q

The round ligament of the uterus passes thru inguinal canal to fuse with ______ _____

A

labia majora

Anatomy (12 decks)

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