Pelvis & Pelvic Floor Flashcards
1
Q
The pelvis is divided into what 2 parts by the pelvic brim?
A
- false pelivs (above pelvic brim)
- true pelvis (below brim)
2
Q
The _____ pelvis is above the pelvic brim, pelvic inlet continuous w/ abdominal cavity, from ilum to pelvic brim, also known as greater pelvis
A
false
3
Q
The _____ pelvis is below the pelvic brim, pelvic outlet closed off below by muscular pelvic floor, also known as lesser pelvis
A
true
4
Q
The large bowel continues into the _____ pelvis
A
true
5
Q
The pelvic _______ is the muscular portion of the pelvis that supports the pelvis
A
diaphragm
6
Q
What are the 2 planes of the perineum; located inferior to the pelvic diaphragm?
A
- urogenital
- anal
7
Q
The ______, _______, uterus, and caval system are retroperitoneal
A
- bladder
- rectum
8
Q
The ______ bone of the pelvic girdle is made up of ___ fused sacral vertebrae
A
- sacrum
- 5
9
Q
The os coxae (2) is made up of what triad of bones?
A
- ilium
- ischium
- pubis
10
Q
The bones of the os coxae come together at the _______
A
acetabulum (hip joint)
11
Q
What is the most posterior extent of the pelvic girdle?
A
- promontory (S1 superior)
12
Q
What three things come together to from the linea terminalis?
A
- pubic crest
- pacten pubis
- arcuate line
13
Q
What are the borders of the pelvic brim?
A
- linea terminalis
- pubic symphysis
- promontory
- margin of ala
14
Q
What is the shape of the pelvic brim is _______ in males and ______ in females
A
- heart-shaped
- oval
15
Q
A women’s pelvis is different than a males to accommodate for _____
A
childbirth
16
Q
Women have a ______ pubic symphysis
A
shorter
17
Q
Women have a ____ pubic arch
A
wider
18
Q
The iliac wings in a female are more _____
A
flared
19
Q
Ischial tuberosities are _______ _____ in females
A
farther apart
20
Q
The _____ in females is shorter and less curved
A
sacrum
21
Q
The subpubic angle is acute in ______ and broader in ______
A
- males
- females
22
Q
The ______ ______ dimension of the pelvis is larger in females
A
anterior posterior
23
Q
What ligament connects the 2 pubic bones?
A
pubic symphysis
24
Q
The ___ ______ ligament connects the sacrum and ilium anteriorly
A
ant. sacroiliac
25
The ___ _____ ligament connects the sacrum and ilium posteriorly
Post. sacroiliac
26
The ______ ______closes off obturator foramen (lower border of obturator canal)
obturator membrane
27
The ______ ligament is between the ant.& post. sacroiliac ligaments and bears the entire weight of the upper body
interosseous
28
The ________ ligament is from the ischial spine to sacrum/coccyx
sacrospinous
29
The sacrospinous ligament forms the lower border of the ______ ______ foramen
greater sciatic
30
The ______ ligament is from the ischial tuberosity to sacrum/coccyx
sacrotuberous
31
The sacrotuberous ligament forms the lower border of the _____ _______ foramen
lesser sciatic
32
The sacrospinous ligament is ______ to the sacrotuberous ligament
anterior
33
The _______ m attaches the anterior sacrum to the greater trochanter of the femur at S2-4
piriformis
34
The piriformis m passes _____ the greater sciatic notch and closses off the posterior/superior ______ _____
- behind
| - pelvic outlet
35
The ____ _____ m attaches from the obturator foramen to the greater trochanter
obturator internus
36
The obturator internus is covered w/ thick fascia and attaches to ______ ____ (m. of diaphragm)as tendinous arch
levator ani
37
Pirifromis m is innervated by what 2 nerves?
S1, S2
38
Obturator internus m. is innervated by what two nerves?
L5,S1
39
The ____ _____ separates the pelvic cavity from the perineum, formed by muscles and fascia
pelvic floor
40
What 2 muscles make up the pelvic floor(diaphragm) ? What muscles assist?
- levator ani mm.
- coccygeus mm.
- - piriformis
- -obturator internus
41
The _______ ___mm are the largest components of the pelvic diaphragm (pelvic floor)
levator ani
42
What are the three muscles that make up the levator ani muscles?
- iliococcygeus m.
- puboccygeus m.
- puborectalis m.
43
Pelvic floor = pelvic _____
diaphragm
44
What 2 muscles of levator ani support the weight of the large bowel and close it off from the rest of the post. pelvic floor?
- iliococcygeus
| - pubococcygeus
45
This muscle of the levator ani mm. is the most medial, holds up the rectum (sling around rectum), and has to relax to allow defecation
puborectalis
46
What is found inferior to the floor of the pelvic diaphragm?
- perineal membrane and deep perineal pouch
47
The ______ is a diamond shaped region between thigh; contains 2 triangles
perineum
48
What are the 2 triangles of the perineum?
- urogenital
| - Anal
49
The ______ triangle is more anterior and involves the passage of the urinary and genital systems?
urogenital triangle
50
The urogenital triangle is found deep to trans. perineal. or ______
UG diaphragm
51
The ______ triangle involves the passage of the rectum & anus in the
anal
52
The anal triangle is in the _____ ______ mm. or pelvic diaphragm
pelvic floor
53
The ______ _____ is found at the junction of the anal and urogenital triangles
perineal body
54
What is anterior/inferior to the pelvic diaphragm, extends between the 2 pubic arches, and attaches posteriorly to the perineal body?
urogenital diaphragm
55
What are the muscles that make up the urogenital diaphragm?
- deep transverse perineal mm.
56
The UG diaphragm blends with the _______ mm. of the urethra and vagina
sphincter
57
What transports urine from the kidneys to the bladder?
ureters (2)
58
The ureters cross _____ _____ vessels, descend into pelvis and travel to the ________ aspect of the urinary bladder at the trigone
- ext. iliac
| - posterolateral
59
The bladder fills and extends _______ bc bones are _______
- superiorly
| - inferior
60
In females the _______ a. crosses urter
uterine (water (ureter) under bridge (artery))
61
In males the _____ ______ crosses the ureter
ductus deferens
62
The _______ _______ stores urine prior to expulsion thru ______
- urinary bladder
| - urethra
63
What muscle makes up the urinary bladder? What type of muscle is it?
- detrusor urinae
| - smooth m.
64
The urinary bladder is covered by _______ & is supported by the ____ _____
- peritoneum
| - pelvic floor
65
The urethra is ______ in females and ______ in males
- shorter
| - longer
66
In males the ______ is above the perineum and just below the bladder
prostate
67
________ make it hard to evacuate the bladder
prostectomies
68
The urethra is ___ - ___ cm in females
3.5-4 cm
69
The urethra in females extends from the bladder to the ____ _____ _____
external urethral orfice
70
The badder is between the glans clitoris and ______
vagina
71
What are the 4 parts to a male's urethra starting close to the bladder?
- preprostatic
- prostatic
- membraneous ( ext. urethra sphincter cont w/ deep perineal m)
- spongy (ext. out thru penis)
72
The _____ is located in the true pelvis, superior to the pelvic floor
rectum
73
The rectum is normally constricted by the U-shaped _______ _____
puborectal sling (puborectalis m.)
74
The rectum opens into the _____ _____
anal canal
75
The _____ ______ emerges in the anal triangle inferior to pelvic floor and is continuous w/ rectum at anorectal junction at puborectal sling
anal canal
76
The puborectal sling produces curvature at the _____ _____ (perineal flexure) and when relaxed allows for ________
- anorectal junction
| - defecation
77
What are the 3 layers of the external anal sphincter (skeletal m)?
- superficial
- subcutaneous
- deep
78
What are the 5 external organs and structures of the male pelvic viscera?
-penis
-testes
spermatic cord
-ductus (vas) deferens
-reproductive glands
79
The _____ are the primary male reproductive organs that are housed in the scrotum
testes
80
The ______ _____ has a fascial sheath derided fro m the anterior abdominal wall
spermatic cord
81
The spermatic cord runs from the ______ _____ into the ______ to surround the ductus deferens, testicular vessels & nn.
- inguinal canal
| - scrotum
82
What are the reproductive glands of the male pelvic viscera?
- seminal vesicles
- prostate gland
- bulbourethral (Cowper's gland)
83
The ______ ______ joins the vas deferens, forms ejaculatroy ducts, empty into prostatic urethra
seminal vesicles
84
The _____ _____ is walnut sized, btw bladder & UG diaphragm
prostate gland
85
The ______ ______ is 2 peas sized, within UG diaphragm, empty into penile urethera
bulbourethral (Cowper's gland)
86
The ______ _____ runs posterior to inferior epigastrics and over the ureters
ductus deferens
87
The ______ are the primary female reproductive organs that produces ova & female hormones
ovaries
88
The ovaries are encapsulated and housed in the ____ _____
true pelvis
89
___ ovum are released per menstrual cycle
1
90
The vagina is _____ to the urethra opening
posterior
91
The _____ ______ are muscular tubes for the transport of ovum to uterus
uterine(fallopian) tubes
92
The uterine tubes are open channels from ______ _____ to ______ to vagina
- peritoneal cavity
| - uterus
93
What are the 4 parts of the uterine tubes from the uterus to the ovary?
-isthmus, ampulla, infundibulum, fimbriae
94
The _____ is roughly 7 cm long (may enlarge 20x during pregnancy)
uterus
95
The uterus is usually ________ at a right angle to the vaginal canal
anteverted
96
The position of the uterus changes with _____ _____ and _____
- full bladder
| - pregnancy
97
The ______ ____ is the inferior neck of the uterus protruding into the vaginal canal
uterine cervix
98
The uterine cervix opens to the vagina as the ______ ___ and uterus as the _____ ______
- external os
| - internal os
99
The mucosal membranes are _____ from the external environment to the peritoneal cavity
continuous
100
The ______ ____ is a circular gutter surrounding the cervix, deeper post. than ant.
vaginal fornix
101
What are the 4 uterine ligaments?
suspensory
broad
ovarian
round ligament of uterus
102
Which uterine ligament is made of peritoneum covering ovarian vessels & nn.?
suspensory ligament
103
Which uterine ligament is made of peritoneum covering the uterus and adnexa (around round ligament of uterus)
broad
104
Which uterine ligament anchors the ovary to the uterus?
ovarian ligament
105
Which uterine ligament is a continuation of the ovarian ligament?
round ligament of the uterus
106
The round ligament of the uterus passes thru inguinal canal to fuse with ______ _____
labia majora
