Ex 3- Neuro- Basal Ganglia

Question 1

Select the true statement:
A. Epithalamus: Functions in sleep-wake cycles
B. Lateral division of thalamus: smallest subdivision of thalamus
C. Reticular Nucleus: projects to cortex regulating association inputs
D. Thalamic relay nuclei- receive specific inputs from cortical association areas
E. Thalamic association nuclei: receive specific inputs from subcortical sites

Answer 1

A. Correct
B- Largest subdivision of thalamus
D & E - switch relay and association to make correct

Question 2

Matching:

1. Anterior Limb
2. Posterior Limb
3. Retolenticular limb
4. Sublenticular limb

A. Anterior Nucleus –> cingulate gyrus
B. Dorsomedial nucleus —> prefrontal cortex
C. VPM –> somatosensory cortex
D. VA–> motor cortex
E. MGN–> auditory cortex
F. Pulvinar –> parietal-occipital-temporal assoc. area
G. LGN inferior visual field –> visual cortex
H. LGN superior visual field –> visual cortex

Answer 2

1. A, B
2. C, D
3. E,F,G
4. H

Question 3

Select the true statements about the hypothalamus.
A. Critical in autonomic control and maintaining physiological range (homeostasis- master reg. of ANS)
B. Controls anterior + posterior pituitary
C. Interconnects visceral and somatic systems integrating their functions
D. Imporant in memory formation
E. Important in reward and drive related behaviors

Answer 3

A, B, C- True
D- hippocampus- memory formation
E. Ventral striatum, basal ganglia

Question 4

Select the correct pairs about the hypothalamus.
A. Lateral zone: continuation of reticular formation
B. Medial zone: consists mostly of nuclei
C. Periventricular zone: continuation of periaqueductal gray and contains the dorsal longitudinal fasciculus
D. Longitudinally divided in anterior, posterior and suprapituitary zones

Answer 4

A,B,C- True

D- divided into anterior, posterior and tuberal zones

Question 5

Select the true statements about the amydala.
A. Interconnected with prefrontal, anterior temporal and insular cortex
B. Located in anterior temporal lobe, medial to the hippocampus
C. Underlies the uncus, a medial protrusion of the medial temporal lobe
D. Medial nuclear group; important in emotional response associated w/ olfaction
E. Basolateral nuclear group: imp in mediating emotional responses

Answer 5

A, C, D,E- True

B- medial to hippocampus

Question 6

Select the true statements about the hippocampus.
A. Most input comes from entorhinal cortex
B. Has 3 distinct zones: Dentate, Ammon’s horn and subiculum
C. Most important output is via alvear pathway and fornix
D. Important in memory formation

Answer 6

All true

Question 7

_____ ____ refers to structures that yield distinctive kinds of movement disorders when damaged

Answer 7

basal ganglia

Question 8

________ fibers travel from stratium to pallidus

Answer 8

striopallidal

Question 9

______ fibers travel from cortex to striatum

Answer 9

corticostriate

Question 10

______ fibers travel from globus pallidus to thalamus

Answer 10

pallidothalamic

Question 11

______ fibers travel to the reticular formation

Answer 11

nigroreticular

Question 12

The lenticular nucleus consists of what 2 structures?

Answer 12

Putamen

Globus Pallidus

Question 13

Subthalamic nucleus is developmentally a part of the _______ but is considered part of the basal ganglia

Answer 13

diencephalon

Question 14

The _____ is part of the basal ganglia; c-shaped, part of wall of lateral ventricle, 3 parts; head, body and tail, responsible for cognition, executive function

Answer 14

caudate

Question 15

The caudate is larger ______ than ______

Answer 15

anterior than posterior

Question 16

The _____ is part of the basal ganglia; smaller and just lateral, coincides w/ insula, motor + somatosensory functions, less to do w/ cognition

Answer 16

putamen

Question 17

The _____ ______ is part of the basal ganglia; extensive BG output to thalamus

Answer 17

globus pallidus

Question 18

Basal ganglia related movement disorders cause _____ movement, hyperkinetic disorders (chorea, athetosis, ballismus) difficulty _______ movement and _______ muscle tone

Answer 18

involuntary
initiating
perturbed

Question 19

Basal ganglia movement disorders cause pertrubed muscle tone and rigidity of Parkinson’s disease, which is caused by general increase in ______ and ______ tone

Answer 19

flexor and extensor

Question 20

If muscle tone _____ then some muscles of the body can be bent/twisted into abnormal, fixed position; ______. Muscle tone can also be decreased as well resulting in ______, ______ muscle

Answer 20

increases
dystonia
weak, floppy

Question 21

The _______ ________ laminae separates the putamen and globus pallidus externa

Answer 21

external medullary

Question 22

______ ______ fibers go up into thalamus and ______ _____ fibers cross and go through the internal capsule

Answer 22

Ansa lenticularis

lenticular fasciculus