Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Ex 3- Neuro- Reticular Formation > Flashcards

Ex 3- Neuro- Reticular Formation Flashcards

1
Q

The ______ _______ is phylogenetically old and the central core of the brainstem

A

reticular formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The reticular formation extends into the ________ as the ______

A

cerebrum

hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The reticular formation is important for the regulation of _______, ______ motor behaviors, ______ environment, ______ regulation, ______ and _____ , _______ tone

A 
posture
stereotypic
internal
pain
sleep and wakefulness
emotional
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the three zones of the reticular formation?

A
  1. Raphe or Median
  2. Paramedian or Medial
  3. Lateral
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Each zone is subdivided into a series of ________, based on _____, structure and _______

A

nuclei
connections
function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Reticular formation is not appreciated in _______ tissue preparations

A

routine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the three longitudinal zones of the reticular formation from medial to lateral?

A

Raphe (Median), Medial, Lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The _______ zone is immediately adjacent to the sagittal plane

A

Raphe (Median)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The ______ zone is alongside raphe, mixture of large and small neurons, and is the source of most _______ and ______ projections

A

Medial

Ascending and descending

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The ______ zone is prominent in rostral _______ and caudal ______, primarily involved in cranial nerve _________ and visceral functions

A

lateral
medulla
pons
reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

RF neurons have extensive, complex connections; may innervate _______ levels of ______ _____, _____, _____

A

multiple
spinal cord
brainstem
thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

During sleep paralysis the _______ wakes up but the ______ keeps the muscles flaccid. The dream state continues so _______ reticular formation keeps m. flaccid

A

cerebrum
pons
descending

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 2 reticulospinal tracts?

A

Medial: pons
Lateral: medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The _______: _____ is ipsilateral, descends near MLF & in anterior funiculus

A

medial: pons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The ______: _____ descends bilaterally, in lateral funiculus

A

lateral: medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The reticular formation is a major alternative to the _______ tract in regulating spinal motor neurons

A

corticospinal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The reticular formation influences spinal motor neurons _______ and regulates spinal ______ so that only ______ stimuli evoke a reflex

A

directly
reflexes
noxious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

______ ______ neurons receive input from many areas including cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, substantia nigra, etc

A

Reticulospinal tract

19
Q

RF contains basic neural machinery for some complex _______ movements

A

patterned

20
Q

Section brainstem-______ junction in cat and it still walks

A

diencephalon

21
Q

Rhythmic motor patterns are associated with the brainstem ______ _____

A

reticular formation

22
Q

The brainstem reticular formation involves _____ centers, _______, ______

A

gaze centers
Mastication (supratrigeminal nucleus-pons)
Locomotion (pons)

23
Q

The midbrain gaze center is the ______(vertical/horizontal) gaze center?

A

vertical

24
Q

The pontine gaze center is the _______ (vertical/horizontal) gaze center?

A

horizontal

25
Q

The medulla “vital center” brainstem reticular formation includes what three rhythmic motor pattters?

A

heart rate
respiration
swallowing, vomiting

26
Q

Sleep ______ is a stereotyped movement disorder

A

bruxism

27
Q

The symptoms of sleep bruxism are tooth-_____ or tooth ______ which involve _____, _____ wear on teeth, ____ ____ discomfort upon waking and is most often seen in _____ individuals

A 
grinding 
clenching
sounds
abnormal
jaw muscle
younger
28
Q

During sleep all muscles are in a state of _____ but with bruxism jaw muscles are ___-_____ which means that jaw opening and jaw closing m. are contacted at the _____ time

A

atonia
co-contracted
same

29
Q

What are the two theories of Bruxism?

A

Peripheral causes theory

Central causes theory

30
Q

The _______ causes theory of bruxism;

  • malocclusion results in premature and one-sided contact
  • jaw movements continue in attempt to reach resting position
  • based on clinical observation and experience w/ treatment
A

peripheral

31
Q

The ______ causes theory of bruxism;

  • sleep-related dysfunctions cause bruxism
  • input to supratrigeminal nucleus may be from basal ganglia, lateral hypothalamus, and central nucleus of the amygdala
A

central

32
Q 
Select the incorrect pair:
A. Raphe: adjacent to sagittal plane
B. Medial zone: source of most ascending and descending projections
C. Lateral zone: cranial nerve reflexes
D. Lateral zone: visceral functions
E. Lateral zone: prominent in midbrain
A

E. Lateral zone is prominent in the caudal pons and rostral medulla

33
Q

Select the true statement about the reticular formation:
A. Phylogenetically ancient
B. Forms central core of brainstem
C. Extent not truly appreciated in routine brainstem sections
D. Extends into cerebrum as the hypothalamus
E. All the above

A

E. All the above

34
Q

The RF modulates transmission in _______ pathways

A

pain

35
Q

The _____ system can suppress or facilitate pain, depending on circumstances ie wounded soldiers on battlefield who continue to function

A

nervous

36
Q

_______ ____ is central to one well described pain suppression system

A

periaqueductal gray (PAG)

37
Q

PAG receives pain info from ________ fibers and input from hypothalamus, cortex, etc; may contain _______ state info

A

spinomesencephalic

behavioral

38
Q

Input travels from the PAG to _____ then to _______ horn of spinal cord/spinal V nucleus

A

raphe

posterior

39
Q

One way _____ work to control pain is to activate ____-____ at multiple levels, receptors are abundant in ___, raphe, and _____ horn of cord

A

opiates
PAG-raphe
PAG
posterior

40
Q

Raphe can inhibit ____ directly or indirectly by activating ______ that inhibit ______. Can also directly inhibit pain ______

A

STT
interneurons
STT
afferents

41
Q

A lot of visceral info reaches RF, responds to _______ changes and projects to brainstem autonomic nuclei and spinal cord (comparable to pattern generators in motor control)

A

environmental

42
Q

Centers for controlling inspiration, expiration, rhythm of breathing in ____ and ______

A

pons

medulla

43
Q

Heart rate and blood pressure control in ______

A

medulla

Anatomy (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions