Anterior Abdominal Wall

Question 1

What are the 4 Quadrants of the Abdomen?

Answer 1

1. Right Upper
2. Left Upper
3. Right Lower
4. Left lower

Question 2

The _______ plane (horizontal) and the ________ plane (vertical) divide the abdomen into the 4 Quadrants of the abdomen

Answer 2

• transumbilical

- Median

Question 3

What are the 9 regions of the abdomen?

Answer 3

1. Epigastric region
2. Right hypochondrium
3. Left hypochondrium
4. Umbilical region
5. Right Flank
6. Left flank
7. Pubic region
8. Right Groin
9. Left groin

Question 4

What are the 3 major cavities of the body?

Answer 4

• Thoracic
• Abdominal
• Pelvic

Question 5

What are the 3 planes that separate the body into the 9 regions of the abdomen?

Answer 5

• Midclavicular planes (2)- at both clavicles (vertical)
• Subcosatal plane (horizontal)
• Intertubercular plane (horizontal)

Question 6

Order of Fascia on anterolateral wall from superficial to deep

Answer 6

1. Skin
2. Superficial fatty layer of subcutaneous tissue (Camper’s Fascia)
3. Deep membraneous tissue (Scarpa fascia)
4. Muscles (Investing deep fascia)
5. Trasversalis fascia
6. Extraperitoneal fat
7. Parietal peritoneal

Question 7

What is the order of muscles in abdomen from superficial to deep

Answer 7

1. External oblique m.
2. Internal oblique m.
3. Transverse abdominis m.
4. Transversalis fascia
5. Extraperitoneal fat
6. Parietal peritoneum

Question 8

What peritoneum lines the inside abdominal wall?

Answer 8

parietal peritoneum

Question 9

Where do aponeuroses insert at the midline? What muscle aponeuroses are involved?

Answer 9

Linea Alba

• Internal oblique m.
• External oblique m.
• Transverse abdominis

Question 10

What muscle runs superior lateral to inferior medially?

Answer 10

external oblique m.

Question 11

What muscle runs inferior laterally to superior medially?

Answer 11

internal oblique m.

Question 12

The _________ is a flattened tendon that envelops rectus abdominis & pyramidalis mm.

Answer 12

aponeurotic (tendinous sheath)

Question 13

The rectus sheath consists of ____ & _____ layers

Answer 13

• anterior (travel anterior to rectus abdominis)

- posterior (travel posterior to rectus abdominis)

Question 14

The structure of the sheath is relative to the ______ line

Answer 14

arcuate line

Question 15

This is midway between umbilicus and pubic symphysis

Answer 15

arcuate line

Question 16

What forms the anterior layer of the rectus sheath, superior to the arcuate line?

Answer 16

Aponeuroses of:

• external oblique m
• 1/2 internal oblique m.

Question 17

What forms the posterior layer of the rectus sheath, superior to the arcuate line?

Answer 17

Aponeuroses of:

• 1/2 Internal oblique m.
• Transverse abdominis m
• Transversalis fascia

Question 18

What forms the anterior layer of the rectus sheath, inferior to the arcuate line?

Answer 18

Aponeuroses of:

• External oblique m
• Internal oblique m
• Transverse abdominis m

Question 19

What forms the posterior layer of the rectus sheath, inferior to the arcuate line?

Answer 19

Transversalis fascia

Question 20

What are the three infraumbilical peritoneal folds?

Answer 20

• median umbilical fold
• medial umbilical folds (2)
• lateral umbilical folds (2)

Question 21

What peritoneal fold is from the urinary bladder to umbilicus and covers the median umbilical ligament?

Answer 21

median umbilical fold

Question 22

What peritoneal fold covers medial umbilical ligaments and occluded portions of umbilical aa.?

Answer 22

Medial umbilical folds (2)

- 1 on each side of midline

Question 23

What peritoneal fold covers inferior epigastric vessels?

Answer 23

Lateral umbilical folds (2)

Question 24

The _________ a. is a branch of femoral a. and supplies the region of inguinal ligament

Answer 24

circumflex iliac a.

Question 25

The ________ a. is a branch of femoral a. and supplies abdomen infr. to umbilicus

Answer 25

epigastric a.

Question 26

Where do all superficial vessels run?

Answer 26

superficial fat & fascia

Question 27

The ______ v drains the region of the inguinal ligament to the femoral v

Answer 27

circumflex iliac

Question 28

The _____ v drains the abdomen infr. to umbilicus to the femoral v.

Answer 28

epigastric

Question 29

The ______ is a branch of external iliac a. that runs between internal oblique m. and transverse abdominis m.

Answer 29

deep cirumflex iliac a.

Question 30

The deep circumflex iliac a. supplies ___________

Answer 30

inferior lateral abdominal mm.

Question 31

The ____ is a branch of external iliac a. that enters posterior rectus sheath at arcuate line

Answer 31

inferior epigastric a.

Question 32

The inferior epigastric a. supplies _______

Answer 32

lower rectus abdominus mm.

Question 33

The inferior epigastric a. anastomoses with _______

Answer 33

sup. epigastric

Question 34

The _________ a. is a branch of internal thoracic (mammary) and enters posterior rectus sheath lat. to sternum

Answer 34

superior epigastric

Question 35

The superior epigastric a. supplies ____________

Answer 35

upper rectus abdominus mm

Question 36

The superior epigastric anastomoses with ________

Answer 36

inferior epigastric a

Question 37

The _______ a. is a branch of internal thoracic and runs along costal cartilages

Answer 37

musculophrenic

Question 38

The musculophrenic a. supplies _________ & _______

Answer 38

- upper abdominal mm | - diaphragm

Question 39

The nerves of the abdominal wall are ventral rami of _____ spinal nn.

Answer 39

T7-L1

Question 40

What nerves supply the region above the umbilicus>

Answer 40

T7, T8 & T9

Question 41

What nerves supply the umbilical region?

Answer 41

T10

Question 42

What nerves supply the region below the umbilicus?

Answer 42

T11, T12 & L1

Question 43

The ventral rami of T7-L1 run between __________ and ________ mm

Answer 43

- internal oblique m | - transverse abdominis m.

Question 44

Injury to what 3 nerves causes inguinal muscles to weaken and predisposes someone to developing direct inguinal hernias?

Answer 44

T11, T12, & L1

Question 45

What is the region that is found in the inferior lateral abdominal region; superior to thigh, medial to ilium, and lateral to pubic bone

Answer 45

inguinal region

Question 46

The inguinal region extends between the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and the _____ ____

Answer 46

pubic tubercle

Question 47

The inguinal regions contains _______, ___, ____ and ______, ______

Answer 47

- inguinal ligament - inguinal canal (male + female) - superficial and deep rings of the inguinal canal - walls of the canal

Question 48

What is the folded inferior border of the EO aponeurosis that extends from ASIS to pubic tubercle?

Answer 48

Inguinal ligament

Question 49

What is the obliquely set tunnel,3 to 5 cm long, that transverses the ant. abdominal wall and runs parallel & superior to inguinal ligament?

Answer 49

Inguinal canal

Question 50

What does the male inguinal canal contain?

Answer 50

-spermatic cord & its contents (vas deferens, testicular nn & vessels, cremasteric m & fascia) - Ilioinguinal n (L1)

Question 51

What does the female inguinal canal contain?

Answer 51

- round ligament of uterus (corresponds to spermatic cord in males) - Ilioinguinal n. (L1)

Question 52

The inguinal canal extends between _______ and ______

Answer 52

superficial and deep rings

Question 53

______ ____ opens in EO aponeurosis; obvious triangular opening lateral to pubic tubercle

Answer 53

superficial ring

Question 54

_____ _____ opens in transversalis fascia; lateral to inferior epigastric vessels (a/v.)

Answer 54

Deep ring

Question 55

What is the anterior wall of the inguinal canal?

Answer 55

EO aponeurosis

Question 56

What is the posterior wall of the inguinal canal?

Answer 56

-transversalis fascia - conjoint tendon (fusion of IO, TA aponeuroses medially)

Question 57

What is the roof (superior) of the the inguinal canal?

Answer 57

- Internal oblique m. - Transversus abdominis m. (only part of canal walls made of muscle)

Question 58

What is the floor (inferior) of the inguinal canal?

Answer 58

inguinal ligament

Question 59

An ______ _____ is an outpouching of abdominal viscera within a sac

Answer 59

abdominal hernia

Question 60

What are the three layers that make up a hernial sac?

Answer 60

1. peritoneum 2. extraperitoneal fat 3. transversalis fascia

Question 61

90% of hernias occur in what region?

Answer 61

inguinal region

Question 62

What are the two types of inguinal hernias?

Answer 62

1. indirect inguinal hernia | 2. direct inguinal hernia

Question 63

This type of hernia extends thru the entire inguinal canal,

Answer 63

indirect inguinal hernia

Question 64

The indirect inguinal hernia commonly enters _____ or ____ ____

Answer 64

- scrotum(male) | - labia majora (female)

Question 65

What is the most common type of hernia?

Answer 65

indirect inguinal hernia (more in males than female)

Question 66

The indirect inguinal hernia is usually from persistent processus vaginalis in _______

Answer 66

males (connects peritoneum w/ descended testes)

Question 67

A ______ ______ hernia goes thru the inguinal triangle (Hesselbach's) or thru conjoint tendon by or at superficial ring

Answer 67

direct inguinal hernia

Question 68

What is the inguinal triangle (Hesselbach's) composed o?f

Answer 68

- Inferior epigastric a. - Rectus abdominus m. - inguinal ligament

Question 69

What type of hernia occurs lateral to inferior epigastric vessels?

Answer 69

indirect inguinal hernia

Question 70

What type of hernia occurs medial to inferior epigastric vessels?

Answer 70

direct inguinal hernia

Question 71

A direct inguinal herniausually does not enter scrotum or labia majora, occurs more in _________, and is usually associated with weakened abdominal wall

Answer 71

males

Question 72

What is the most common type of hernia in females?

Answer 72

indirect inguinal hernia

Question 73

A _____ hernia is thru the femoral ring and canal (medial compartment of sheath)

Answer 73

femoral

Question 74

A femoral hernia is more common in _______ bc the femoral ring is wider in _______

Answer 74

females

Question 75

An ________ hernia is thru the umbilical ring and is most common in newborns, females, and obese individuals

Answer 75

umbilical

Question 76

An _______ hernia is thru linea alba (aponeurosis attachment)

Answer 76

epigastric

Question 77

An epigastric hernia is most common in people over the age of ____ and associated with ______

Answer 77

- 40 | - Obesity