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Anatomy > Anterior Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Anterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 Quadrants of the Abdomen?

A
  1. Right Upper
  2. Left Upper
  3. Right Lower
  4. Left lower
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2
Q

The _______ plane (horizontal) and the ________ plane (vertical) divide the abdomen into the 4 Quadrants of the abdomen

A
  • transumbilical

- Median

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3
Q

What are the 9 regions of the abdomen?

A
  1. Epigastric region
  2. Right hypochondrium
  3. Left hypochondrium
  4. Umbilical region
  5. Right Flank
  6. Left flank
  7. Pubic region
  8. Right Groin
  9. Left groin
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4
Q

What are the 3 major cavities of the body?

A
  • Thoracic
  • Abdominal
  • Pelvic
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5
Q

What are the 3 planes that separate the body into the 9 regions of the abdomen?

A
  • Midclavicular planes (2)- at both clavicles (vertical)
  • Subcosatal plane (horizontal)
  • Intertubercular plane (horizontal)
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6
Q

Order of Fascia on anterolateral wall from superficial to deep

A
  1. Skin
  2. Superficial fatty layer of subcutaneous tissue (Camper’s Fascia)
  3. Deep membraneous tissue (Scarpa fascia)
  4. Muscles (Investing deep fascia)
  5. Trasversalis fascia
  6. Extraperitoneal fat
  7. Parietal peritoneal
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7
Q

What is the order of muscles in abdomen from superficial to deep

A
  1. External oblique m.
  2. Internal oblique m.
  3. Transverse abdominis m.
  4. Transversalis fascia
  5. Extraperitoneal fat
  6. Parietal peritoneum
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8
Q

What peritoneum lines the inside abdominal wall?

A

parietal peritoneum

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9
Q

Where do aponeuroses insert at the midline? What muscle aponeuroses are involved?

A

Linea Alba

  • Internal oblique m.
  • External oblique m.
  • Transverse abdominis
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10
Q

What muscle runs superior lateral to inferior medially?

A

external oblique m.

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11
Q

What muscle runs inferior laterally to superior medially?

A

internal oblique m.

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12
Q

The _________ is a flattened tendon that envelops rectus abdominis & pyramidalis mm.

A

aponeurotic (tendinous sheath)

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13
Q

The rectus sheath consists of ____ & _____ layers

A
  • anterior (travel anterior to rectus abdominis)

- posterior (travel posterior to rectus abdominis)

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14
Q

The structure of the sheath is relative to the ______ line

A

arcuate line

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15
Q

This is midway between umbilicus and pubic symphysis

A

arcuate line

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16
Q

What forms the anterior layer of the rectus sheath, superior to the arcuate line?

A

Aponeuroses of:

  • external oblique m
  • 1/2 internal oblique m.
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17
Q

What forms the posterior layer of the rectus sheath, superior to the arcuate line?

A

Aponeuroses of:

  • 1/2 Internal oblique m.
  • Transverse abdominis m
  • Transversalis fascia
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18
Q

What forms the anterior layer of the rectus sheath, inferior to the arcuate line?

A

Aponeuroses of:

  • External oblique m
  • Internal oblique m
  • Transverse abdominis m
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19
Q

What forms the posterior layer of the rectus sheath, inferior to the arcuate line?

A

Transversalis fascia

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20
Q

What are the three infraumbilical peritoneal folds?

A
  • median umbilical fold
  • medial umbilical folds (2)
  • lateral umbilical folds (2)
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21
Q

What peritoneal fold is from the urinary bladder to umbilicus and covers the median umbilical ligament?

A

median umbilical fold

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22
Q

What peritoneal fold covers medial umbilical ligaments and occluded portions of umbilical aa.?

A

Medial umbilical folds (2)

- 1 on each side of midline

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23
Q

What peritoneal fold covers inferior epigastric vessels?

A

Lateral umbilical folds (2)

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24
Q

The _________ a. is a branch of femoral a. and supplies the region of inguinal ligament

A

circumflex iliac a.

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25
Q

The ________ a. is a branch of femoral a. and supplies abdomen infr. to umbilicus

A

epigastric a.

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26
Q

Where do all superficial vessels run?

A

superficial fat & fascia

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27
Q

The ______ v drains the region of the inguinal ligament to the femoral v

A

circumflex iliac

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28
Q

The _____ v drains the abdomen infr. to umbilicus to the femoral v.

A

epigastric

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29
Q

The ______ is a branch of external iliac a. that runs between internal oblique m. and transverse abdominis m.

A

deep cirumflex iliac a.

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30
Q

The deep circumflex iliac a. supplies ___________

A

inferior lateral abdominal mm.

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31
Q

The ____ is a branch of external iliac a. that enters posterior rectus sheath at arcuate line

A

inferior epigastric a.

32
Q

The inferior epigastric a. supplies _______

A

lower rectus abdominus mm.

33
Q

The inferior epigastric a. anastomoses with _______

A

sup. epigastric

34
Q

The _________ a. is a branch of internal thoracic (mammary) and enters posterior rectus sheath lat. to sternum

A

superior epigastric

35
Q

The superior epigastric a. supplies ____________

A

upper rectus abdominus mm

36
Q

The superior epigastric anastomoses with ________

A

inferior epigastric a

37
Q

The _______ a. is a branch of internal thoracic and runs along costal cartilages

A

musculophrenic

38
Q

The musculophrenic a. supplies _________ & _______

A
  • upper abdominal mm

- diaphragm

39
Q

The nerves of the abdominal wall are ventral rami of _____ spinal nn.

A

T7-L1

40
Q

What nerves supply the region above the umbilicus>

A

T7, T8 & T9

41
Q

What nerves supply the umbilical region?

A

T10

42
Q

What nerves supply the region below the umbilicus?

A

T11, T12 & L1

43
Q

The ventral rami of T7-L1 run between __________ and ________ mm

A
  • internal oblique m

- transverse abdominis m.

44
Q

Injury to what 3 nerves causes inguinal muscles to weaken and predisposes someone to developing direct inguinal hernias?

A

T11, T12, & L1

45
Q

What is the region that is found in the inferior lateral abdominal region; superior to thigh, medial to ilium, and lateral to pubic bone

A

inguinal region

46
Q

The inguinal region extends between the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and the _____ ____

A

pubic tubercle

47
Q

The inguinal regions contains _______, ___, ____ and ______, ______

A
  • inguinal ligament
  • inguinal canal (male + female)
  • superficial and deep rings of the inguinal canal
  • walls of the canal
48
Q

What is the folded inferior border of the EO aponeurosis that extends from ASIS to pubic tubercle?

A

Inguinal ligament

49
Q

What is the obliquely set tunnel,3 to 5 cm long, that transverses the ant. abdominal wall and runs parallel & superior to inguinal ligament?

A

Inguinal canal

50
Q

What does the male inguinal canal contain?

A

-spermatic cord & its contents
(vas deferens, testicular nn & vessels, cremasteric m & fascia)
- Ilioinguinal n (L1)

51
Q

What does the female inguinal canal contain?

A
  • round ligament of uterus (corresponds to spermatic cord in males)
  • Ilioinguinal n. (L1)
52
Q

The inguinal canal extends between _______ and ______

A

superficial and deep rings

53
Q

______ ____ opens in EO aponeurosis; obvious triangular opening lateral to pubic tubercle

A

superficial ring

54
Q

_____ _____ opens in transversalis fascia; lateral to inferior epigastric vessels (a/v.)

A

Deep ring

55
Q

What is the anterior wall of the inguinal canal?

A

EO aponeurosis

56
Q

What is the posterior wall of the inguinal canal?

A

-transversalis fascia
- conjoint tendon
(fusion of IO, TA aponeuroses medially)

57
Q

What is the roof (superior) of the the inguinal canal?

A
  • Internal oblique m.
  • Transversus abdominis m.
    (only part of canal walls made of muscle)
58
Q

What is the floor (inferior) of the inguinal canal?

A

inguinal ligament

59
Q

An ______ _____ is an outpouching of abdominal viscera within a sac

A

abdominal hernia

60
Q

What are the three layers that make up a hernial sac?

A
  1. peritoneum
  2. extraperitoneal fat
  3. transversalis fascia
61
Q

90% of hernias occur in what region?

A

inguinal region

62
Q

What are the two types of inguinal hernias?

A
  1. indirect inguinal hernia

2. direct inguinal hernia

63
Q

This type of hernia extends thru the entire inguinal canal,

A

indirect inguinal hernia

64
Q

The indirect inguinal hernia commonly enters _____ or ____ ____

A
  • scrotum(male)

- labia majora (female)

65
Q

What is the most common type of hernia?

A

indirect inguinal hernia (more in males than female)

66
Q

The indirect inguinal hernia is usually from persistent processus vaginalis in _______

A

males (connects peritoneum w/ descended testes)

67
Q

A ______ ______ hernia goes thru the inguinal triangle (Hesselbach’s) or thru conjoint tendon by or at superficial ring

A

direct inguinal hernia

68
Q

What is the inguinal triangle (Hesselbach’s) composed o?f

A
  • Inferior epigastric a.
  • Rectus abdominus m.
  • inguinal ligament
69
Q

What type of hernia occurs lateral to inferior epigastric vessels?

A

indirect inguinal hernia

70
Q

What type of hernia occurs medial to inferior epigastric vessels?

A

direct inguinal hernia

71
Q

A direct inguinal herniausually does not enter scrotum or labia majora, occurs more in _________, and is usually associated with weakened abdominal wall

A

males

72
Q

What is the most common type of hernia in females?

A

indirect inguinal hernia

73
Q

A _____ hernia is thru the femoral ring and canal (medial compartment of sheath)

A

femoral

74
Q

A femoral hernia is more common in _______ bc the femoral ring is wider in _______

A

females

75
Q

An ________ hernia is thru the umbilical ring and is most common in newborns, females, and obese individuals

A

umbilical

76
Q

An _______ hernia is thru linea alba (aponeurosis attachment)

A

epigastric

77
Q

An epigastric hernia is most common in people over the age of ____ and associated with ______

A
  • 40

- Obesity

Anatomy (12 decks)

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