Pelvis LO's Flashcards
The innominate Bony Pelvis is a collection of 3 bones that form the pelvis.
What are the bones and what location are they in??
1.) Ilium (SUP) 2.) Pubis (ANT-INF) 3.) Ischium (POST-INF).
The three innominate bones come together and form the?
Acetabulum for Femur
what encloses the pelvis ?
The pubic symphysis
What is another name for the pelvic “brim” ?
Pelvic Inlet
The Pelvic “Brim” or inlet divides pelvis into two parts what are they?
Greater (False), Lesser (True).
Name the 4 components/boundaries of the pelvic inlet/outlet. (clockwise) ?
Sacral Promontory, Arcuate line, Pectineal line, Pubic Symphysis.
Is the Greater Pelvis False or True ?
False
Is the Lesser Pelvis False or True ?
True
Which is most SUP, the Greater or Lesser Pelvis?
Greater (false) pelvis.
Is the Pelvic inlet SUP or INF?
SUP
Is the pelvic outlet SUP or INF ?
INF
Which pelvic inlet is bounded by pelvic inlet/outlet?
Lesser (true) pelvis
Name the Pelvic Joints ?
SI joint & pubic symphysis.
Name the 5 Pelvic ligaments ?
ANT Sacroiliac lig, Sacrospinous lig, Sarcotuberous lig, ANT longitudinal lig, iliolumbar ligaments
Which ligaments stabilize the SI joint ?
ANT Sacroiliac lig, Sacrospinous lig, Sarcotuberous lig,
Function of the ANT Longitudinal Ligament?
limits movement.
what forms the division between the Greater and lesser sciatic foramen ?
Sacrospinous lig
Where do the iliolumbar ligaments attach to ?
transverse processes (of lumbar) to iliac crest.
Differences between male and female pelvis ?
MALE: smaller subpubic angle 70 deg ; Female: Larger subpubic angle 90-100 deg.
Male: Heart shaped inlet, narrow outlet, narrow cavity, convex sacrum.
Female: Oval-shaped inlet, Roomy outlet, roomy cavity, wide/flat sacrum.
Name the 2 groups pelvic floor muscles?
1) Levator Ani &
2) Coccygeus.
name the three muscles of “Levator Ani” ?
Pubo-rectalis, Pubo-coccygeus, Ilio-coccygeus.
Attachments of Pubo-rectalis muscle ?
from pubic bone and wraps around rectum then back to opposite pubic bone.
Attachments of Pubo-coccygeus muscle ?
pubic bone wraps around toward coccyx then goes back to pubic bone.
Attachments of Ilio-coccygeus muscle ?
ilium to coccyx then back to ilium
What is the most posterior muscle of pelvic floor and location?
Coccygeus: comes from coccyx & sacrum out to ischial spine.
Name the Lateral wall pelvic muscles?
Piriformis, Coccygeus, Obturator internus
Below what muscle is there a TENDINOUS arch of levator ani ?
Obturator internus
what muscle goes through the greater sciatic foramen ?
Piriformis muscle
Where do the ureters pass to get to bladder
posterior aspect of urinary bladder
Where are the terminal parts of the digestive system?
the pelvic vicera
Where does rectum get blood supply from?
IMA & IIA (inferior iliac artery)
Where does venous drainage of rectum go into?
portal system (HPV)
size of rectum?
5 inches long
Walls of rectum are?
smooth
Where is bladder ?
posterior to pubic symphysis
What is the urinary bladder secured to ?
secured to pubic bone
What ligament attaches to bladder ? (male/female)
FEMALE: subvesicular ligaments, MALE puboprostatic ligaments.
where is the female uterus ?
above (SUP) to bladder
where is rectum in relation ?
POST to bladder & uterus
Path of male Urethra ?
out INF bladder, through prostate, through pelvic floor, into erectile tissue of penis
Where is Ductus Deferens?
SUP to Ureters (post aspect of bladder)
where does sperm mature ?
epididymis of testis
describe flow of sperm
epidermis of testis, up to ductus deferens through inguinal canal, through prostate, urethra.
What do the seminal glands meet up with?
ductus deferens
where is the seminal gland
INF to ductus deference
what % of ejaculatory contents are from seminal glands
85%
where is the ejaculatory duct and its contents
ductus deferens + seminal glands form the ejaculatory duct in the prostate
shape of prostate? location of prostate?
pyramid shape, INF to bladder.
bulbourethral glands are located where?
INF to prostate, inside perineal musculature
Name the 4 parts of the Male Urethra?
Pre-prostatic (not as important)
Prostatic
Membranous
Spongy
path of ovum
ovary -> fimbriae (fingers) -> infundibulum ->ampula -> isthmus -> uterine cavity.
what’s on the end of infundibulum ?
fimbriae (finger like projections)
3 parts of Uterus and location
Fundus (SUP), Body (middle) , Cervix (INF)
where is vagina
INF to Cervix of Uterus
main covering of the Uterus is called ?
the broad ligament
vessels of the ovaries
ovarian A & V
vessels of the Uterus
broad ligament
vessels of vagina
vaginal, uterine, internal pudendal vessels
most commonly injured vessels of pelvis are
ext/int iliac and obturator; due to pelvic fracture
nerves and vessels of the pelvis are
EXTRAPERITONEAL
vessel and nerve location in pelvis
AVN; arteries are medial, veins lateral, nerves most lateral
Where is the perineum
INF to pelvic floor
function of perineum
support openings of pelvic floor
boundaries of the perineum (clockwise)
pubic symphysis, ischiopubic rami, ischial tuberosity, sacrotuberous lig, sacrum/coccyx
contents of the perineum
genitals and anus
2 divisions of the perineum
Urogenital triangle & anal triangle
what is post to the rectum
coccyx
bony landmarks of perineum
pubic symphysis (ANT), Coccyx (INF), 2 ischial tuberosity (BL)
Fupa of the pussy
mons pubis
contents of Vulva
mons pubis, labia minora, labia majora, clitoris, urethral opening, vaginal opening.
male ext genitalia
penis, scrotum, anus
what is the pereneal body
muscle between vagina and anus, serves to anchor
where is the Ischiocavernosus muscle
lateral
Where is Bulbospongiosus ?
medial
where is the perineal membrane?
between the ischicavernosus & bulbospongiosus muscle
what is beneath the perineal facia
Deep Transverse Perineal Muscle
what does external anal sphincter do?
closes off anus
why is perineal muscle important
endurance issues can cause incontinence
nerve supply to perineum and anus?
Internal pudendal A/V & nerve
Nerve to EXT anal sphincter
Inferior rectal artery & Nerve
Nerve supply to labial structures
Post labial nerve
Nerve supply to clitoris; and off what muscle
Dorsal clitoral artery & Nerve; come off ischocavernosus muscle
nerve supply to penis
Dorsal Penal Artery & Nerve
nerve supply to scrotum (homologous to labia)
Post scrotal N & A.
what innervates the thigh
post femoral cutaneous nerve of the thigh
what does pudendal innervate
skin around penis, scrotum, anus, labia, clitoris (lick-able parts)
what is ‘FUPA” innervated by
ilioinguinal, genitofemoral, genital, labial nerve
Female erectile tissues (3)
vestibular bulb, crus “leg” of clitoris, glans of clitoris
what wraps around vestibular bulb
bulbospongiosum muscle
what wraps around the crus of clitoris
ischiocavernosus muscle
what wraps around glans of clitoris
clitoris
what is contained in the ischoanal fossa
fat pads, house the pudendal canal.
Where is the ischioanal fossa
in anal triangle
main roles of ischioanal fossa
support rectum and house pudendal canal
what is the glans of the penis
distal enlargement of the corpus spongiosum
when is the urethra considered “spongy urethra”?
once it enters corpus spongiosum
what is corpus spongiosum
“hot dog of the penis”
what is corpus cavernosum
“bun of the penis”
what is crus of the penis
2 legs that end up coming together to form the corpus cavernosum
what is the bulb of the penis
the Base; or enlargement of corpus spongiosum
bulbospongiosum muscle covers what part of penis
the corpus spongiosum
what does the ischocavernosus muscle cover
the crus or corpus cavernosum of penis; covers crus of clitoris
deep layer of facia of scrotum is the?
tunica dartos
what elevates the testis
cremasteric facia and muscle
what is first layer that wraps around the spermatacord ?
external spermatic facia
common iliac artery bifurcates into
internal and external iliac artery
which artery has an ANT and POST division
internal iliac artery
what does the post division of INT iliac turn into ?
iliolumbar, lateral sacral, sup gluteal
what does the ANT division of INT iliac a turn into ?
umbilical, superior vessical (off of umbilical), obturator, couple more then internal pudendal
where does internal pudendal a pass through ?
lesser sciatic foramen
what does int pudendal a turn into after passing through the lesser sciatic foramen
inferior rectal
branches off internal pudendal a. turn into ……..
inf rectal, perineal a. then posterior scrotal a. OR posterior labial artery & deep/dorsal of penis and clit
internal pudendal artery’s last branch is to ____ & _____
deep artery of penis & dorsal artery of penis. OR deep artery of clitoris & dorsal artery of clitoris.
Pudendal Nerve is segments
S2-S3-S4
functions regulated by Pudendal nerve
Urination, feces, errection, ejaculation, childbirth.
Erection uses what system
Parasympathetic
Ejaculation uses what system
sympathetic
What nerves for erection
cavernous nerves S2-S3-S4
what nerves for ejaculation
splanchnics, L1-L2
Internal anal sphincter is (autonomic or non-autonomic)
autonomic (non-voluntary)
external anal sphincter is (autonomic or non-autonomic)
Non-autonomic (voluntary)
Name the branches off of the POST division of internal iliac A.
iliolumbar, lateral sacral, superior gluteal
Name the branches off of the ANT division of internal iliac A
Umbilical, superior vesicle (off of umbilical), Obturator a, (FM: uterine, M: deferent), (FM: vaginal, M: inf vesicle), middle rectal, internal pudendal.
Name the branches off of the External iliac A.
inf epigastric, deep circumflex a, FEMORAL A.
Branches off of the internal pudendal
inf rectal, perineal—- (FM: post labial & M: post scrotal), FM: deep a of clitoris, M: deep a of penis, (FM: dorsal a of clitoris, M: dorsal a of penis)
MALE AND FEMALE A of the penis and clitoris (deep and dorsal) are a branch off of?
internal pudendal.
