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ANATOMY 2! > Abdomen LO's > Flashcards

Abdomen LO's Flashcards

1
Q

Name the Boundaries of the Abdomen ?

A

ANT (the abdominal wall), POST (veterbral column), SUP (diaphragm) INF (pelvic inlet)

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2
Q

Where is the pelvic inlet?

A

Plane that extends from pubic symphysis to the lumbar spine

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3
Q

Are there definite boundaries for the wall of abdomen?

A

no, they are INDEFINITE

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4
Q

What are the functions of the ANT abdominal wall?

A

support trunk, support abdominal viscera, manage intra-abdominal pressure during respiration, moves trunk, maintains posture.

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5
Q

Layers of ANT wall sup to deep

A

Skin -> superficial adipose/fascia -> muscles and facia -> extraperotoneal adipose -> peritoneum.

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6
Q

What spinal levels innervate the skin of the abdomen?

A

T7-T12

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7
Q

What spinal level innervates skin of the umbilical

A

T10

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8
Q

What are the two layers of superficial fascia beneath the skin ? SUP to DEEP

A

Campers (thick and fatty), Scarpa: (thin and can suture it.)

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9
Q

Name the 4 abdominal muscles from SUP to DEEP and its orientation

A

1) EXT abdominal oblique (SUP-LAT to INF medial)
2) INT abdominal oblique (INF-LAT to SUP-Medial)
3) Transverse abdominis (Transverse)
4) Rectus abdominis (6 pack)

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10
Q

Function of the 4 abdominal muscles

A

EAO= lateral flexion and increase intra-abd-pressure

IAO= Lateral flexion/rotation & compress/support abdominal viscera

TA= compress/support abdominal viscera

RA= flexion of trunk & compress/support abdominal viscera

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11
Q

Innervation of External Abdominal Oblique

A

T7-T11 & T12 (subcostal)

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12
Q

Innervation of Internal Abdominal Oblique

A

T7-T11 & T12 (subcostal) & L1 spinal nerve

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13
Q

Innervation of Transverse abdominis

A

T6-T11 & T12 (subcostal) & L1 (spinal nerve)

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14
Q

Innervation of Rectus Abdominis

A

T6-T11 & T12 (subcostal)

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15
Q

What is the “bulk” or main abdominal cavity known as?

A

Greater sac

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16
Q

What is the smaller portion of the peritoneal cavity known as

A

Lesser Sac

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17
Q

Where is the lesser sac

A

posterior to the stomach

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18
Q

Which is a diverticulum greater or lesser sac?

A

Lesser sac

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19
Q

What is also called the “omental bursa”

A

Lesser sac

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20
Q

Where is the Greater and lesser omentum located?

A

Greater: hangs off the greater curvature over all the intestines

Lesser: is near lesser curvature of stomach

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21
Q

Gastrophrenic ligament attaches where?

A

stomach to diaphragm

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22
Q

Gastrosplenic ligament attaches where?

A

Stomach to spleen

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23
Q

Gastrocolic ligament attaches to?

A

stomach to transverse colon

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24
Q

Hepatogastric ligament attaches to?

A

liver to stomach

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25
Q

Hepatodueodenal ligament attaches to ?

A

liver to duodenum

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26
Q

Where is the falciform, round, coronary and L/R triangular ligaments found?

A

Liver

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27
Q

What is the peritoneal cavity filled with

A

Serous fluid

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28
Q

What is intraperitoneal organs

A

organs that develop inside the peritoneal cavity

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29
Q

What two things classify intraperitoneal organs?

A

enclosed by visceral peritoneum & its suspended by mesentery

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30
Q

Name two types of retroperitoneal

A

Primary and secondary retroperitoneal

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31
Q

Define Primary retroperitoneal and what organs are they?

A

Kidneys & suprarenal glands; because they developed posterior to peritoneal cavity “retro” behind.

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32
Q

What never had a mesentery ?

A

kidneys and suprarenal glands (primary retroperitoneal)

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33
Q

Define secondary retroperitoneal? & the organs

A

were previously intra, but messentary fused during development. (Duodenum, ascending and desending colon, pancreas, rectum)

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34
Q

Where is a possible site for infections to develop? And what type of organs can get them.

A

parabolic gutters of (secondary retroperitoneal)

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35
Q

Above Arcuate line is there a posterior rectus sheath?

A

Yes

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36
Q

below Arcuate line is there a posterior rectus sheath?

A

NO

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37
Q

What does arcuate line delineate?

A

transition between the posterior rectus sheath & the transversalis fascia

(Between unbilucus and Pubic symphysis and it’s where post rectus sheath ends and all we have behind rectus and absominis is transversalis fascia)

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38
Q

Why do we need an arcuate line? passageway?

A

for the inferior epigastric vessel

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39
Q

Is the inguinal canal SUP of INF to inguinal ligament?

A

INF and more medial

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40
Q

Whats in the inguinal canal ?

A

Male: spermaticord
Female: Round ligament

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41
Q

What is homolog to ductus deferens?

A

round ligament

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42
Q

What landmark does inguinal canal attach to ?

A

ASIS

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43
Q

What is the center point for the 4 quadrants of the abdomen?

A

The Umbilicus

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44
Q

What are the two types of hernias?

A

Indirect and direct hernia

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45
Q

What is the most common type of hernia ?

A

Indirect

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46
Q

What is a direct inguinal hernia?

A

where abdominal contents protrude through weakened abdominal wall. Pass through the deep inguinal ring but NOT superficial inguinal ring

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47
Q

Which is non-congenital, indirect or direct hernia ?

A

Direct

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48
Q

Which is congenital indirect or direct hernia?

A

in-direct hernia

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49
Q

What is an indirect hernia?

A

When contents pass through the deep inguinal ring, then into scrotum.

50
Q

What 3 organs don’t aid in digestion?

A

Spleen, kidneys and adrenal glands

51
Q

List flow of food though digestive system

A

Oral cavity -> pharynx -> esophagus -> Stomach -> Dueodenum -> Jejunum -> ilium -> Accending colon -> transverse colon -> decending colon -> sigmoid colon -> rectum -> anus

52
Q

What nerves innervate the esophagus

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve (between trachea and esophagus) innervates upper portion then post vagal trunk innervates lower part of esophagus

53
Q

What does stomach do

A

stores food, HCL to disinfect and denature protein, pepsin released, and food turns to chyme.

54
Q

What does small intestine do

A

enzymatic digestion and absorption of nutrients

55
Q

What goes into the Duodenum “C shaped”

A

pancreatic duct and common bile duct

56
Q

Function of liver

A

receives blood from digestive system, detoxes, stores glucose, produces bile.

57
Q

Gallbladder does what?

A

stores bile, which emulsifies fat and enhances digestion and absorption

58
Q

Function of pancreas?

A

produces enzymes helps neutralize acidic chyme.

59
Q

Does digestion occur in the large intestine?

A

NOPE BITCH

60
Q

What is most proximal part of Large intestine

A

Cecum

61
Q

function of Large intestine

A

Absorb water and minerals

62
Q

What are the components of the portal triad?

A

Common bile duct, Hepatic Artery Proper, Hepatic Portal Vein.

63
Q

Where can you find the Portal Triad?

A

Enclosed in the lesser omentum

64
Q

Name the three layers of thoracolumbar fascia

A

ANT, Middle, Posterior

65
Q

What is between the ANT and Middle layer of thorocolumbar fascia?

A

QL

66
Q

What is between the middle and posterior layer of thoracolumbar fascia?

A

Errector spinae

67
Q

What does middle layer of thoracolumbar fascia also serve as an attachment site to?

A

TA, IAO & EAO

68
Q

Where does Psoas Minor attach ?

A

lumbar spine to pelvis

69
Q

Where does Psoas Major attach

A

Lumbar spine to lesser trochanter

70
Q

Where does iliacus attach

A

lesser trochanter with Psoas major

71
Q

Where does QL attach

A

12th rib to iliac crest

72
Q

The diaphragm has two “legs” whats the name

A

L & R Crus,

73
Q

Name the three arcuate ligaments of post abdominal wall

A

Median, middle and lateral arcuate ligaments

74
Q

What passes through the median arcuate ligament?

A

forms the Aortic Hiatus, point where thoracic aorta turns into abdominal aorta

75
Q

what passes through the medial arcuate ligament?

A

Psoas

76
Q

What passes through the lateral arcuate ligament?

A

QL

77
Q

Where is the subcostal nerve?

A

INF to the 12th rib

78
Q

What segment is subcostal nerve?

A

T12

79
Q

What nerve pierces the Psoas Major

A

Genitofemoral nerve (L1,L2)

80
Q

When Genitofemoral nerve splits, where do Genito and femoral go.

A

Genital goes medial, Femoral goes lateral.

81
Q

Where does lateral femoral cuteaneous nerve of thigh pass

A

ANT to iliacus

82
Q

what nerves traverse the QL

A

iliohypogastric N and iliinguinal nerve

83
Q

Which side of body does most of venous drainage go directly into?

A

R, goes into IVC

84
Q

Where is the suprarenal gland? Both A lil diff

A

SUP aspect of kidneys. L suprarenal gland is sup but more medial. R is just superior

85
Q

What is the Renal Hilum?

A

passage way where renal A & V and ureter go through

86
Q

What is the renal cortex?

A

outer most part of internal kidney

87
Q

Where are renal pyramids located?

A

in medulla

88
Q

Where is urine collected in the kidneys

A

Major/Minor Calyx

89
Q

Where does urine leave the kidney from ____ then to _____

A

Renal pelvis then Ureter

90
Q

Where are the renal columns

A

between the renal pyramids

91
Q

Renal arteries are what type of arteries?

A

“END arteries”, so if there is a blockage it will result in death of that part of kidney, since there is no anastomoses.

92
Q

Majority of abdominal viscera will have innervation from the ___ nerve?

A

Vagus

93
Q

What systems do plexuses use for innervation?

A

Sympatetic and parasynpatetic

94
Q

What nerves do the sympathetic system use for kidney function?

A

lesser or least splanchnic nerves

95
Q

What nerve innervates parasympathetic system of. kidneys?

A

POST vagal trunk

96
Q

Contraction of urinary bladder (release of urine) uses what system?

A

Parasympathetic

97
Q

Filling of urinary bladder (relaxation) uses what part of nervous system?

A

Sympathetic

98
Q

Where is the Testicular artery in relation to the body?

A

ANT to the Ureter (testis drop through development, then descend with vasculature ANT to Ureter)

99
Q

Where is the urinary bladder

A

POST to the pubic symphysis

100
Q

Describe the flow of urine

A

Minor Calycx -> Major calycx -> Renal pelvis -> Ureter -> urinary bladder.

101
Q

How long is the Male Urethra?

A

20 CM

102
Q

How long is the Female Urethra

A

4 CM

103
Q

What are the two holes on post aspect of inside of urinary bladder called?

A

2 Ureteric orifices

104
Q

What is beginning of Urethra called

A

Urethral offices (inf aspect of bladder)

105
Q

What is the union of the three orifices of the bladder called?

A

Trigone

106
Q

What two vessels form the common hepatic duct?

A

L and R hepatic duct (come off liver)

107
Q

What 2 vessels form the common bile duct?

A

The common hepatic duct and the cystic duct

108
Q

In regards to hernias which; direct or indirect is a protrusion of abd wall medial to inf epigastric vessels.

A

Direct

109
Q

In regards to hernias which; direct or indirect is a protrusion of abd wall lateral to inf epigastric vessels.

A

Indirect

110
Q

What innervates thoracic and abdominal viscera?

A

CN X vagus

111
Q

What ganglion/plexus targets the foregut?

A

celiac ganglion

112
Q

What ganglion/plexus targets the midgut?

A

SM ganglion

113
Q

What ganglion/plexus targets the kidney?

A

aorticorenal ganglion

114
Q

What ganglion/plexus targets the hindgut?

A

IM ganglion

115
Q

What ganglion/plexus targets the pelvic viscera?

A

Sup hypogastric plexus & Inf hypogastric plexus

116
Q

Is blood supply to Midgut CT, SMA or IMA

A

SMA

117
Q

Is blood supply to Hindgut CT, SMA or IMA

A

IMA

118
Q

Is blood supply to Foregut CT, SMA or IMA

A

CT

119
Q

organs of the foregut?

A

liver, spleen, stomach, duodenum, pancreas, gallbladder

120
Q

organs of the midgut?

A

cecum, appendix, small intestine, ascending colon, transverse colon

121
Q

Organs of Hindgut?

A

descending colon, transverse colon, sigmoid colon, rectum.

ANATOMY 2! (9 decks)

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