Foot and ankle arthrology Flashcards
What is the Talocrural Joint?
AKA mortise joint. It is the joint between the talus and tibia/fibula
What forms the mortise joint?
Medial and lateral malleolus (lego blocks)
What type of joint is the Distal (inferior) Tibiofibular joint?
Planar joint
What type of joint is the talocrural joint?
Hinge joint
What are the ligaments of the Distal Tibiofibular joint?
AITFL: anterior inferior tibiofibular lig
interosseous membrane
PiTFL: posterior inferior tibiofibular lig
What is the strong, thick, dense ligament which stabilizes the syndesmosis between the two bones?
PiTFL: posterior inferior tibiofibular lig
What helps stabilize the tibia and fibula to create the mortus for the talus to sit in?
AiTFL & interosseous membrane
is the talus CONVEX or CONCAVE?
Convex
is the distal tibia CONVEX or CONCAVE
Concave
When is there forces on the syndesmosis?
DF
What action causes post glide of talus in mortise?
DF
What causes gapping or separation of syndesmosis?
DF
Fibula glides POST when you
DF
What action causes an ANT glide of talus in mortise?
PF
What closes the syndesmosis?
PF
Fibula glides ANT when you?
PF
How does a high ankle sprain occur?
Hyper DF (snowboarding)
OR Eversion, Rotation & DF (most common way)
What gets damaged when you get a high ankle sprain?
Anterior tibiofibular ligament and the syndesmosis.
What are the ligaments of the medial ankle?
“deltoid” or medial collateral lig (3 parts)
What are the 3 parts of the Deltoid lig?
1) Tibiotalar (ant & post)
2) Tibiocalcaneal lig
3) Tibionavicular lig
What does the Deltoid lig resist?
Eversion force at talus, calcaneus and navicular bone (cause each of 3 ligs attaches to the three bones)
What are the lateral ankle ligaments called?
1) ATFL: anterior talofibular lig
2) CFL: Calcaneofibular lig
3) PTFL: Posterior Talofibular lig
What does the ATFL resist?
ANT translation of talus in mortise. If you PF it also prevents inversion forces on talus
What does the CFL resist?
Inversion of calcaneus in PF and DF
What does the PTFL resist?
Inversion of talus from neutral to DF
Subtalar joint morphology?
On POST side we have a CONVEX calcaneus which integrates with CONCAVE talus
On ANT side we have Concave side which integrates with the CONVEX talus
What is the ankle great at?
dissipating forces
How many planes of motion does the subtalar joint have?
3: IN/EV, PF/DF, ADD/ABD
Calcaneus moves on talus in WB or none WB?
None WB
talus moves on Calcaneus in WB or none WB?
WB
In weight bearing what motions happen for pronation?
Calcaneal eversion, Talar adduction, talar PF
In weight bearing what motions happen for supination?
Calcaneal inversion, talar abduction, talar df
In NONE weight bearing what motions happen for supination? (with calcaneus)
Calcaneal inversion, cancanear addcution,
calcanea PF
In NONE weight bearing what motions happen for pronation? (with calcaneus)
calcaneal eversion, calcaneal abduction, calcaneal DF
When foot is supinated is axis parallel or perpendicular?
perpendicular
When foot is pronated is axis parallel or perpendicular?
parallel
What is referred to “loose bag of bones”
foot is pronated (reduced force)
Supination or pronation, which is more optimal to push off of?
supination
What happens to tibia and foot during supination?
ER of tibia
inversion, add, PF of forefoot
What happens to tibia and foot during pronation?
IR of tibia
Eversion, ABD, DF of fore foot
What type of joints are intertarsal joints?
planar joints
what is the goal of the intertarsal joints?
provide stability
Damage to what foot joint can cause pain when you push off the forefoot?
Tarsometatarsal joint “lis franc”
Whats the most important ligament involving the medial longitudinal arch?
Spring ligament AKA “plantar clacaneonavicular ligament”
Plantar ligaments are where?
bottom (plantar) aspect of the foot
What are the plantar ligaments of the foot?
Long plantar lig & short plantar lig
What is another name for ovoid joint?
condyloid
Where is the short plantar lig? where does it connect
deep to the long one. connects from calcaneus to cuboid
How can someone damage their Spring ligament?
Acute trauma or diabetes.
What kind of joint are the MTP joints
synovial condyloid joints
Whats the morphology of the MTP joint?
Convex metatarsal and CONCAVE proximal phalanges
What type of joints are the interphalangeal joints?
hinge joints
What are the collateral ligaments of the IP joints used to resist?
FLX/EXT
Do MTP joints of foot have collateral ligaments too?
YES
