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ANATOMY 2! > Pelvis Hip and knee ARTHROLOGY > Flashcards

Pelvis Hip and knee ARTHROLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

The SI joint should be symmetrical on most ppl?

A

No its very common to see asymmetries

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2
Q

What type of joint is the SI Joint ?

A

Planar Joint (both surfaces glide on each other)

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3
Q

What is a planar Joint?

A

A joint in which both surfaces glide on each other

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4
Q

What are the important ligaments of the SI JOINT

A

Sacrospinous lig and Sacrotuberous lig

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5
Q

What does the Sacrospinous Ligament restrict

A

POST movement of sacrum

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6
Q

What does the scarotuberous ligament restrict

A

POST movement of the sacrum

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7
Q

What is Nutation?

A

Clockwise movement of the sacrum when looking from sagittal plane.

SUP aspect of sacrum moves ANT and INF
&
INF aspect of sacrum moves POS and SUP

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8
Q

Counter Nutation

A

Counterclockwise movement of sacrum.

SUP aspect of sacrum moves POST and SUP

INF aspect of the sacrum moves ANT

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9
Q

In Nutation what glide on the innominate?

A

INF and POST glide of sacrum on the innominate

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10
Q

in Counter nutation what glide on the innominate?

A

ANT and SUP GLIDE of the sacrum on the innominate.

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11
Q

Whats a normal angle of inclination of head of femur?

A

125 Deg

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12
Q

What angle would COXA VARA be?

A

115 Deg

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13
Q

What angle would COXA VALGA be?

A

140 Deg

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14
Q

What is COXA VARA?

A

Deepening of the socket (center point is now lower than normal)

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15
Q

What is COXA VALGA?

A

Less of the femoral head is in the socket. (center point is now more SUP than normal)

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16
Q

COXA VARA causes GENU _____?

A

GENU VALGUM (knocked knee)

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17
Q

COXA VALGA causes GENU ____?

A

GENU VARUM (bow legged)

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18
Q

How is COXA VARA good and bad ?

A

Reduces lever arm, which reduces amount of demand and force from muscles

But increases force around femoral neck and cause cause impingement

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19
Q

How is COXA VALGA good and bad ?

A

Reduces force around femoral neck

But increase force and demand of muscles (abductors)

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20
Q

Whats the normal anteversion angle of torsion for the Hip?

A

8-15 deg

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21
Q

Excessive anteversion of hip would be? deg?

A

35 deg

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22
Q

What would the Retroversion angle of hip be? deg?

A

5 deg

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23
Q

What would cause a “toeing out”

A

Retroversion

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24
Q

What would cause “toeing in:

A

Excessive anteversion

***(But excessive anteversion can still present a normal foot position, if the head of femur moves more ANT, as opposed to the center.)

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25
Q

What is inside the Acetabulum of the femur? (inside out)

A

Ligament of head of femur, Lunate surface, Labrum, Joint capsule.

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26
Q

What is the Labrum ?

A

Deepens the socket, component that goes “outside” the socket and inside the socket where it has a junction with the articular surface (cartilage) of the joint.

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27
Q

How does the labrum protect articular cartilage? & how

A

Through pressurization, preventing a ringing out of the cartilage while in WB, to keep synovial fluid inside.

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28
Q

Where is the synovial membrane of the Hip joint?

A

just behind the Joint capsule

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29
Q

What is the outermost part of the hip joint called?

A

Joint capsule

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30
Q

What ligaments are inside the hip Joint capsule?

A

1) iliofemoral “Y” ligament
2) Pubofemoral Lig
3) Ischiofemoral Lig

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31
Q

What are the two ANT ligaments of the hip joint

A

iliofemoral “Y” lig
&
Pubofemoral lig

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32
Q

What is the POST ligament of the hip called?

A

Ishchiofemoral lig

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33
Q

What does the iliofemoral “Y” lig restrict?

A

EXT, ER & IR of hip

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34
Q

What does the Pubofemoral lig restrict?

A

ER when hip is in EXT

& ABDUCTION

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35
Q

What does the Ischiofemoral lig restrict?

A

EXT, IR and adduction of the hip

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36
Q

What are the extra capsular ligaments of the knee joint?

A

LCL and MCL

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37
Q

Which is a little more medial on the knee ACL or PCL?

A

PCL

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38
Q

Which is a little more lateral on the knee ACL or PCL?

A

ACL

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39
Q

What can cause ACL or PCL injury?

A

Hyperextention of knee

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40
Q

What plays a role in stability of rotational forces of the between tibia and femur as well?

A

ACL

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41
Q

What does the ACL prevent?

A

ANT displacement of the tibia on femur.

OR

POST displacement of Femur on Tibia.

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42
Q

Where does the ACL live from proximal to distal?

A

Lateral femoral condyle (intercondylar notch) –> to just medial to lateral meniscus

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43
Q

Why is the Tibia concave in nature?

A

due to the shape of the meniscus on the flat tibial plateau

44
Q

are the condyles of the femur CONCAVE or CONVEX

A

CONVEX

45
Q

What does the PCL restrict or limit?

A

resists POST translation of tibia on femur.

Or

resists ANT translation of the femur on the tibia

46
Q

Which is more broad of a lig, MCL or LCL ?

A

MCL

47
Q

What force does the MCL limit?

A

Valgus force or stress

48
Q

What is the secondary restraint of the MCL?

A

IR of tibia on femur.

49
Q

Where does the MCL attach?

A

from joint capsule to medial meniscus

50
Q

What else can you injure if you injure the MCL

A

Medial meniscus

51
Q

How many layers does the MCL have?

A

2, a superficial one and a deep layer

52
Q

What layer of the MCL is attached to the medial meniscus?

A

the deep layer

53
Q

What lives close to the MCL?

A

adductor and Pes anserine tendons, so be cautious in clinic overuse of these tendons can lead to MCL like symptoms

54
Q

What does LCL limit or restrict?

A

Varus force or stress.

55
Q

What is the LCL’s secondary restraint?

A

ER of tibia on femur

56
Q

Where does LCL attach?

A

Lateral condyle to the Fibular head

57
Q

What is the Anterolateral ligament? what’s it stabilize?

A

lig of knee and it stabilizes knee for rotational movements (IR)

58
Q

What other ligament supports the function of the ACL ?

A

ALL (Anterolateral lig)

59
Q

What can be used to reconstruct the ALL ?

A

tenodesis with the IT BAND

60
Q

What is the ALL?

A

Anterolateral lig

61
Q

Which knee condyle is larger?

A

medial is slightly larger

62
Q

What is the “screw home mechanism”

A

30 deg of ext to 0 deg. when tibia pivots on femur due to size difference.

63
Q

What is the function of the menisci?

A

absorb shock, decrease friction and increase surface area

64
Q

What shape is the medial meniscus?

A

“C” shaped

65
Q

What is shape of the lateral meniscus?

A

“O” shaped

66
Q

What do we avoid after medial meniscus tear/repair?

A

HS exercises and WB beyond 115 deg knee FLX

67
Q

HS exercises and WB beyond 115 deg knee FLX are avoided after what type of injury or repair?

A

Medial meniscus

68
Q

Where does the medial meniscus attach?

A

to the MCL and the semimembranosis tendon through the (posterior oblique lig)

69
Q

Where is most the blood supply of the meniscus?

A

the outside parts of the meniscus

70
Q

Where is the least amount of blood supply in meniscus

?

A

inner most part

71
Q

Healing of meniscus is dependent on?

A

blood supply, and is age dependent.

72
Q

4 types of meniscal tears?

A

Radial tear
Flap tear
torn horn tear
bucket handle tear

73
Q

When are meniscal tear repairs most successful?

A

when lesion is in vascular zone, minimal damage to the body, longer than 8 cm

74
Q

What kind of joint is the patellofemoral joint?

A

planar joint

75
Q

What is the patelofemoral joint built for?

A

built for compressive forces

76
Q

What does the depth of the throchear groove do?

A

provides stability for knee

77
Q

When do compressive forces increase at patellofemoral joint?

A

the more the knee flexes

78
Q

Patellofemoral joint uses what tendon to extend the tibia on the femur?

A

quad tendon

79
Q

When knee is at full EXT (0 deg) what’s higher the pressure or contact area?

A

Pressure is higher

80
Q

When knee progressively flexes what gets higher the pressure or contact area?

A

Contact area (surface area) gets higher, results in pressure decrease.

81
Q

What glide happens with Knee FLX?

A

INF glide

82
Q

What glide happens with Knee EXT?

A

SUP glide

83
Q

What happens as you fully extend the knee.

A

SUP glide with some med/lat gliding.

84
Q

What soft tissue restraints are KEY element of keeping Patella stable?

A

medial/lateral retinaculum & medial patellofemoral lig

85
Q

What can cause patella femoral issues?

A

Flat patella, patella alta, shallow trochlear groove (trochlear dysplasia)

86
Q

What type of joint is the Proximal (sup) Tibiofibular Joint?

A

planar joint

87
Q

Glides of Tibiofibular joint?

A

POST glide w/ knee EXT

ANT glide w/ knee FLX

88
Q

What dissipates torsional forces from the ankle mortise ?

A

Proximal tibiofibular joint

89
Q

What ligament does the tibiofibular joint have?

A

Tibiofibular lig (ANT and POST)

90
Q

What also attaches to the fibular head (muscle)?

A

biceps femoris muscle

91
Q

What can damage the Proximal tibiofibular joint?

A

injury to the posterolateral corner.

92
Q

What structures attach to the fibular head?

A

LCL, biceps femoris tendon, Proximal tibiofibular lig

93
Q

What muscle stabilizes the SI JOINT?

A

Transverse abdominis, obliques, Glute max, latissiumus, deep facia of the thoracolumbar.

94
Q

What is the primary function of the SI Joint?

A

to distribute force!

95
Q

What type of joint is the femoral acetabular joint?

A

synovial (ball and socket)

96
Q

What type of joint is the TIbiofemoral joint?

A

Bi-Condylar joint

97
Q

What kind of MOB would you do to improve hip ER?

A

ANT glide

98
Q

What type of MOB would you do to improve hip IR?

A

POST glide

99
Q

What type of MOB would you do to improve hip FLX?

A

INF/POST glide with hip flexed.

100
Q

What type of MOB would you do to improve hip EXT ?

A

ANT/SUP glide with hip Extended

101
Q

What type of MOB would you do to improve hip adduction ?

A

SUP glide

102
Q

What type of MOB would you do to improve hip Abduction?

A

INF glide

103
Q

What motions would you not want to do with a patient that just had a THA or other surgery?

A

EXT and ER for at least 2 weeks.

104
Q

If a patient has an ANT/SUP labral tear of acetabulum, which mob would we avoid?

A

ANT glide mob

105
Q

what percent of labral tears are asymptomatic?

A

70%

ANATOMY 2! (9 decks)

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