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anatomy 2! > Elbow wrist and hand ARTHRO > Flashcards

Elbow wrist and hand ARTHRO Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 3 elbow joints

A

Humeroulnar, Humeroradial, PRUJ (proximal radioulnar joint)

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2
Q

What type of joint is the elbow joint?

A

Hinge joint or modified hinge joint

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3
Q

What is the elbow carrying angle for males?

A

10-14 deg

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4
Q

what is the carrying angle for women?

A

13-16 deg

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5
Q

Describe morphology of the Humeroulnar Joint

A

CONCAVE trochlear notch of ulna

CONVEX trochlea of humerus

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6
Q

What direction does humeralulnar joint move in

A

ROLL AND GLIDE in SAME direction

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7
Q

what bones move between the humeroulnar joint?

A

Ulna moves on humerus, concave moves on convex.

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8
Q

What kind of joint is the humeroulnar joint?

A

Hinge joint

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9
Q

What kind of joint is the humeroradial Joint?

A

Hinge Joint

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10
Q

Describe morphology of the humeroradial joint

A

CONVEX capitulum of humerus & CONCAVE head of radius.

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11
Q

Is the head of the radius CONVEX OR CONCAVE

A

CONCAVE

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12
Q

Motions of the humeralulnar joint

A

FLX/EXT

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13
Q

Motions of the humeroradial joint

A

FLX, EXT, & Rotation of radius

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14
Q

ROLL AND GLIDE FOR humeroradial Joint?

A

Roll and glide in same direction

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15
Q

What is the ligaments of the Medial Elbow?

A

Ulnar (medial) colateral lig (3)

ANT band
POST band
Transverse band

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16
Q

What stabilizes the medial elbow

A

UCL

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17
Q

Where is attachment for ANT band of UCL?

A

humerus to the ulna

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18
Q

Where is attachment for Post band of UCL?

A

humerus to olecranon process of ulna

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19
Q

Where is attachment for transverse band of UCL?

A

Ulna to Ulna

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20
Q

What prevents Valgus stress to elbow

A

UCL

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21
Q

Which is the strongest part of the UCL ?

A

ANT band (strongest and stiffest)

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22
Q

Which ligament is more taught during elbow EXT

A

ANT band

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23
Q

What is most important part of UCL when arm is past 120 deg of FLX ?

A

POST band since ANT band is now on more slack (its now secondary)

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24
Q

Which is the weakest of the UCL

A

POST band

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25
Q

Which UCL is fan shaped

A

POST band

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26
Q

What UCL does not have a role in elbow stability

A

Transverse band

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27
Q

Whats the role of the transverse band of UCL

A

deepens the socket of the trochlea

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28
Q

What ligament blends in with the angular ligament ?

A

RCL

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29
Q

Which is lateral UCL or RCL

A

RCL

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30
Q

Which is medial UCL or RCL

A

UCL

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31
Q

Where does the RCL run in orientation

A

its fan shaped so half runs from lateral epicondyle to the ULNA, other half blends into annular ligament around the radius.

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32
Q

What is the primary restraint against radial subluxation?

A

RCL

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33
Q

What force does RCL limit

A

Varus force

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34
Q

What kind of joint is the proximal radioulnar joint?

A

Pivot joint

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35
Q

Morphology of PRUJ

A

CONVEX radial head. (note for this joint it is CONVEX articulation, but superiorly the radial head is concave)

& Concave radial notch of the ulna

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36
Q

What glide happens during pronation?

A

radial head Rolls ANT and glides POST

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37
Q

What glide happens during supination?

A

Radial head Rolls POST and glides ANT.

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38
Q

DRUJ morphology?

A

opposite of PRUJ:

CONVEX head of ulna
CONCAVE ulnar notch of radius

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39
Q

Roll and glide of DRUJ?

A

ROLL and Glide in same direction

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40
Q

Whats the difference between the roll and glide of the PRUJ and DRUJ ?

A

PRUJ= roll and glide in opposite directions

DRUJ= roll and glide in same direction.

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41
Q

does pronation and supination involve the PRUJ or DRUJ ?

A

Both of them

42
Q

What allows for pronation and supination?

A

PRUJ and DRUJ motion

muscle contraction

rotation of radius at humeroradial joint inside annular lig

interosseous membrane allowing for two bones to move on one another.

43
Q

What forms the PRUJ?

A

annular ligament

44
Q

what provides 80% of articular surface of humeral radial joint ?

A

Annular ligament

45
Q

What is the interosseous membrane of elbow?

A

stability of syndesmosis between radius and ulna

46
Q

SLTPTTCH

A

Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, Hamate.

47
Q

Some lovers?

A

Try positions that they cant handle

48
Q

What are the 2 ligaments of the DRUJ ?

A

1) ANT/POST radioulnar ligaments

2) Triangular fibular cartilage complex (TFCC)

49
Q

What is the TFCC

A

KEY portion of stabilizing the distal radioulnar joint

50
Q

Where is the DRUJ?

A

between the head of Ulna, TFCC & ulnar notch of radius.

51
Q

What is the radoiocarpal/ulnocarpal joint?

A

located between radius/ulna and the proximal row of carpal bones minus the pisiform (so Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum).

52
Q

Where is the mid carpal joint?

A

between proximal and distal row of carpal bones.

53
Q

how many ligaments of the wrist are there.

A

2 ANT (volar) ligaments and 3 POST (dorsal) ligaments

54
Q

What is Dorsal ?

A

POST

55
Q

What is Volar ?

A

ANT

56
Q

What do VOLAR ligaments restrain?

A

EXT of wrist

57
Q

What to the DORSAL ligaments restrain?

A

FLX of wrist

58
Q

What is the major stabilizer of the DRUJ

A

TFCC

59
Q

What are the functions of the TFCC?

A

stabilizes DRUJ

seperates the radioulnar from radoiocarpal joint

“cushions” ulnar sided force transmission.

60
Q

Ligaments of the Ulnocarpal side resist/limit what force?

A

radial deviation

61
Q

ligaments of the radiocaral side resist/limit what force?

A

Ulnar deviation

62
Q

Where does the axis for wrist FLX/EXT/radial/ulnar deviation lie?

A

between lunate and capitate bone. (but DJ said) axis is through capitate bone along base of 3rd metacarpal

63
Q

Moving hand into EXT gives what roll and glide to proximal row?

A

POST roll and ANT glide

64
Q

Moving hand into FLX gives what roll and glide to proximal row?

A

ANT roll and POST glide

65
Q

do the midcarpals move on an individual level?

A

NOPE the whole row moves

66
Q

Lichtmans ring theory states?

A

Ring will move carpal bones together

If bones roll to right (radial deviation) glide will be to the left…vise versa.

very little movement of ligs between bones, the ring does most of movement.

67
Q

what % of metacarpal or radoiocarpal joints moving with FLX/EXT of wrist?

A

50% MC

50% Radiocarpal joints

68
Q

What happens during radial deviation?

A

Scaphoid and Lunate rocks

69
Q

What happens during ulnar deviation?

A

The proximal row (extends) twists.

70
Q

what motion is limited during full FLX/EXT of wrist ?

A

RD and UD due to ligamentous constraints.

71
Q

List the order of bones from proximal to distal from carpal bones on

A

MCP -> proximal phalanx -> middle phalanx -> distal phalanx

72
Q

List the order of joints from proximal to distal from carpal bones on..

A

Caprometacarpal -> metacarpalphlangeal ->
proximal interphalangeal ->
Distal interphalangeal

73
Q

Does thumb have a middle phalanx

A

NO just proximal and distal

74
Q

What kind of joint is the thumb

A

sellar “saddle” joint

75
Q

What bones form the thumb?

A

Trapezium and 1st metacarpal bone

76
Q

Thumb has how many degrees of freedom?

A

3

77
Q

During radial ABD/ADD of the thumb what happens in terms of roll and glide?

A

MC rolls and glide in same direction

78
Q

During Palmer abd/add of the thumb what happens in terms of roll and glide?

A

MC rolls and glides in opposite direction

79
Q

What kind of joint is the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb?

A

Condyloid joint

80
Q

What do all the fingers have including the thumb?

A

volar plates

81
Q

What finger bone can have a sesamoid bone like the patella?

A

the thumb, but not common

82
Q

What fingers have a CMC joint “lock on them” ?

A

2 & 3

83
Q

What fingers DONT have a lock on them ? CMC?

A

4 & 5

84
Q

how do fingers 2&3 differ from 4&5?

A

2&3: more stability, less motion, “locked”

4&5: opposite of that since

Distal surface of hamate is concave and proximal 4/5 MC are convex. (more movement)

85
Q

What ligaments connect the metacarpal heads

A

transverse metacarpal ligs (deep and superficial) only fingers 2-5

86
Q

What is the difference between the deep and superficial transverse metacarpal ligaments?

A

Deep: connect metacarpal heads

Superficial: connect adjacent volar plates

87
Q

Collateral ligaments of finger 2-5 are?

A

Strong, oblique orientation

max tension at 70 deg flx

resist ABD/ADD (varus/valgus) forces

88
Q

Whats the point of volar plates? in FLX and EXT

A

EXT: increase contact surface with MC head

FLX: allows gliding and prevents tendon pinching

89
Q

what prevents tendon pinching in fingers?

A

volar plates

90
Q

MCP joints are what type of joints (2-5)

A

ovoid

91
Q

MCP joints of fingers 2-5 direction of glides?

A

ROLL AND GLIDE IN SAME DIRECTION

92
Q

What type of joint are the proximal and distal IP (interphalangeal) joints (2-5)

A

synovial hinge joints

93
Q

Morphology of IP joints (2-5)

A

Proximal is CONVEX
Distal is CONCAVE

**distal segments move on proximal ones

94
Q

How do IP and MCP joints relate?

A

both have collateral ligs, volar plates

BUT don’t have transverse ligaments cause we have to move fingers.

95
Q

Does the elbow joint capsule respond well to injury ?

A

no neither does it respond well to immobilization

96
Q

Common elbow injury?

A

UCL injury due to overhead sports

97
Q

What is the most common ligament injured in UCL injury

A

The ANT band of UCL

98
Q

What is most commonly used to repair UCL injury?

A

Autograft of palmaris longus tendon

99
Q

How does a TFCC injury occur?

A

Disc injury from compression or sheer force.

100
Q

How do we know if we have a TFCC injury?

A

Pain with distraction of wrist, or lifting something heavy from ground.

101
Q

If you wanted to improve elbow extension what mobilization would you perform

A

Post glide of PRUJ on humerus

anatomy 2! (9 decks)

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