Pelvis And Perineum

Question 1

Os coxae

Answer 1

Ilium
ischium
Pubis

Question 2

Bony pelvis

Answer 2

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
Sacrum
Coccyx
Pubic symphysis

Question 3

Functions of pelvis

Answer 3

Bear weight of upper body

Transfer weight from axial to lower appendicular

Provide attachment for powerful muscles or locomotion and posture and those abdominal wall

Contain and protect pelvic viscera and abdominal viscera

Provide support for abdominopelvic viscera and gravid uterus

Provide attachment for muscles and membranes that assists the functions listed above by forming pelvic floor and filling gaps that exist around it

Question 4

Boundaries of pelvic cavity

Answer 4

Pelvic inlet - superior opening
Pelvic outlet- enclosed by pelvic diaphragm
Anterior pelvic wall- bodies of pubis rami and pubic symphysis
Lateral pelvic walls- hip bones and obturator internus
Posterior pelvic wall- sacrum, coccyx, SI joint and associated ligaments

Question 5

Superior opening of pelvic cavity

Answer 5

Pelvic inlet

Question 6

Pelvic outlet

Answer 6

Enclosed by pelvic diaphragm

Question 7

Anterior pelvic wall

Answer 7

Bodies of pubic rami and pubic symphysis

Question 8

Lateral pelvic walls

Answer 8

Hip bones and obturator internus

Question 9

Posterior pelvic wall

Answer 9

Sacrum, coccyx, si joint and associated ligaments

Question 10

Male pelvis

Answer 10

Thick and heavy

Pelvic inlet is heart shaped

Pelvic outlet is small

Pubic arch is narrow

Operator foramen is round

Acetabulum is large

Question 11

Female pelvis

Answer 11

Thin and light

Pelvic Inlet oval, and rounded

Pelvic outlet large

Pubic arch wide

Operator foramen oval

Acetabulum small

Question 12

Angle for males versus females

Answer 12

Males less than 70°

Females greater than 80°

Question 13

Pelvic floor is formed by

Answer 13

The funnel shaped pelvic diaphragm, which consist of

Levator ani
Coccygeus

The diaphragm stretches from pubis anteriorly to the coccyx posteriorly
It also stretches laterally to the walls of the pelvis on both sides

Question 14

Levator ani

Answer 14

Pubococcygeus, Puborectalis, and Illiococcygeus

O- body of pubis, obturator facia, ischial spine
I- coccyx
N- nerve to the levator ani (S3-S4)
A- forms, muscular sling to support, abdominal pelvic viscera
Holds pelvic viscera in position
Assist with abdominopelvic cavity compression, utilized with coughing, sneezing vomiting

Question 15

Coccygeus

Answer 15

O- ischial spine
I- sacrum
N- nerve to Levator ani
A- supports pelvic viscera, forms, posterior part of diaphragm

Question 16

Internal iliac artery

Answer 16

Main supply to the pelvic region
Branches into anterior and posterior branches

Question 17

Anterior branch of internal iliac artery

Answer 17

Obturator a
Pudendal a
Inferior gluteal a

Question 18

Posterior branch internal iliac artery

Answer 18

Superior gluteal artery
Iliolumbar a
Lateral sacral a

Question 19

Inferior gluteal artery

Answer 19

Main supplier of blood to the muscles of the pelvic diaphragm

Exits through greater sciatic foramen to supply gluteal region

Question 20

Coccygeus in comparison to sacrospinous ligament

Answer 20

Coccygeus is deep to sacrospinous ligament

Question 21

Anorectal angle when standing

Answer 21

80 degrees

Question 22

Rectocele

Answer 22

Anus or bottom end of sacrum starts to form a pocket and tissue is pushed through and you end up with a cyst where feces can collect and stay

Question 23

Cystocele

Answer 23

If bladder falls into a pocket or cyst by rectum or sacrum

Question 24

Anorectal sitting v squatting

Answer 24

Sitting- 80 or higher
Squatting- knees higher than hips- angle closer to 180