Gluteal Region

Question 1

Boundaries of the gluteal region

Answer 1

Superior- crest of the illium
Medial- sacrum and coccyx
Inferior - Sacrotuberous ligament, and ischial tuberosity
Lateral - greater trochanter

Question 2

Cutaneous innervation of the gluteal region

Answer 2

Superior cluneals from dorsal rami of the first 3 lumbar nerves

Middle cluneals from dorsal rami of first 3 sacral nerves

Inferior cluneals from posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

Branches of the subcostal T12 iliohypogastric, and lateral femoral cutaneous nerve may also reach the area

Question 3

Muscles of the gluteal region involvement

Answer 3

Involved primarily with abduction and lateral rotation of the thigh

Question 4

Innervation of gluteal region

Answer 4

Innervation of these muscles are by the superior and inferior gluteal nerves and smaller branches of the lumbosacral plexus

Question 5

Sacrotuberous ligament

Answer 5

Extends from the posterior inferior iliac spine, sacrum, and coccyx to the ischial tuberosity

Question 6

Sacrospinous ligament

Answer 6

Extends from the sacrum and coccyx to the ischial spine
It is anterior to the sacrotuberous ligament

Question 7

Which ligaments transform the greater and lesser sciatic notch into foramina

Answer 7

Sacrotuberous ligament
Sacrospinous ligament

Question 8

Gluteus maximus

Answer 8

O- illium posterior to the posterior gluteal line, sacrum sacrotuberous ligament, coccyx
I- gluteal tuberosity and iliotibial band
N- inferior gluteal nerve
A- extends the thigh when running, and climbing, sit to stand, laterally rotates hip

Question 9

Piriformis

Answer 9

O- pelvic surface of the sacrum
I- greater trochanter
N- nerve to piriformis
A- lateral rotation and extension of thigh

Question 10

Gluteus medius

Answer 10

O- ilium between iliac crest and superior gluteal line
I- greater trochanter
N- superior gluteal nerve
A- abducts and medially rotates thigh

Question 11

Obturator internus

Answer 11

O- obturator membrane
I- greater trochanter
N- nerve to obturator internus
A- laterally rotates and extends thigh

Question 12

Superior gemellus

Answer 12

O- ischial spine
I- greater trochanter
N- nerve to obturator internus
A- laterally rotates and extends thigh

Question 13

Inferior gemellus

Answer 13

O- ischial tuberosity
I- greater trochanter
N- nerve to quadratus femoris
A- laterally rotates and extends thigh

Question 14

Quadratus femoris

Answer 14

O- ischial tuberosity
I- intertrochanteric crest
N- nerve to quadratus femoris
A- laterally rotates and extends thigh

Question 15

Gluteus minimus

Answer 15

O- ilium between superior and inferior gluteal lines
I- greater trochanter
N- superior gluteal nerve
A- abduct and medially rotate the thigh

Question 16

Obturator externus

Answer 16

O- obturator membrane
I- trochanteric fossa
N- obturator nerve
A- adduct and laterally rotate thigh

Question 17

Tensor fascia lata

Answer 17

O- iliac crest
I- iliotibial band
N- superior gluteal nerve
A- abducts and flexes thigh

Question 18

Superior gluteal nerve and vessels passage

Answer 18

Pass through the greater sciatic foramen superior to the piriformis

Superior gluteal vessels provide superficial branches to the gluteus maximus
pass between the gluteus medius and minimus to reach the tensor fascia lata

Question 19

Inferior gluteal nerve and vessel passage

Answer 19

Exit the greater sciatic foramen inferior to the piriformis and enter the deep surface of the gluteus maximus

Medial to sciatic nerve

Question 20

Sciatic nerve and vessels passage

Answer 20

Passes through the greater sciatic foramen inferior to piriformis
Descends posterior to the obturator internus , gemelli, and quadratus femoris to enter the thigh

Question 21

Posterior femoral cutaneous, nerve passage

Answer 21

Runs medial to the sciatic nerve

Supplies cutaneous information to the posterior thigh

Question 22

Rotators of the gluteal region

Answer 22

Obturator internus
Quadratus femoris

Question 23

Trochanteric bursa

Answer 23

Large bursa, fluid filled sac

Some elderly people will have inflammation of this site and report hip pain during ambulation

Question 24

Greater trochanter and iliotibial band

Answer 24

Iliotibial band can rub past the greater trochanter as you walk
Often called snapping hip syndrome
Click in the hip

Question 25

Pudendal nerve passage

Answer 25

Comes out underneath the piriformis in the greater sciatic foramen, and then passing into the lesser sciatic foramen

Question 26

Nerve to obturator internus passage

Answer 26

Coming out to the greater sciatic foramen , then in through the lesser sciatic foramen to supply the muscle fibers on the inside of the pelvis

Question 27

Nerve to quadratus femoris passage

Answer 27

Deep to sciatic nerve
Deep to gemelli, obturator internus and quadratus femoris

Question 28

Sciatic nerve two distinct parts

Answer 28

Tibial component- medially located
Common peroneal or common fibula component - more laterally placed

Question 29

Superficial branch of the superior gluteal artery supplies what

Answer 29

Inferior surface of the gluteus maximus and the top half of gluteus Maximus

Question 30

Deep branch of the superior glueteal artery passage

Answer 30

Pass between gluteus minimus and gluteus medius

Question 31

Lateral circumflex artery

Answer 31

Pass anteriorly to the femur

Question 32

Medial femoral circumflex artery

Answer 32

Pass posteriorly