Knee Joint Flashcards
Knee joint
Synovial joint
Hinge variety with a small amount of rotation
Articulation between femoral and tibial condyles
Articulation surface of the femur is larger than the surface of a tibia there, therefore some sliding must occur with the femur to maintain contact with the tibia
Capsule-strong fibrous
External ligaments (extracapsular)
Patellar ligament
Fibular collateral ligament
Tibial collateral ligament
Arcuate ligament
Oblique popliteal ligament
Patellar ligament
Continuation of the quadriceps tendon
strengthens the anterior capsule of the knee
Fibular collateral ligament
Also known as the lateral collateral ligament
Extends from the lateral epicondyle of the femur to the lateral surface of the head of the fibula
Only partial fused with the capsule on the superior end
Strengthens the lateral capsule
Tibial collateral ligament
Also called the medial collateral ligament
Extends from the medial epicondyle of the femur to the medial surface of the tibia
Strengthens the fibrous capsule and is completely intrinsic
Arcuate ligament
Strengthens the posterior capsule
It is Y-shaped ligament that inserts into the intercondylar area of the tibia, and the posterior aspect of the lateral epicondyle of the femur
Oblique popliteal ligament
Expansion of the tendon of the semimembranosus muscle
Strengthens the posterior capsule
Capsular Bursae
Suprapatellar
Popliteus
Gastrocnemius
Subcutaneous prepatellar
Subcutaneous intrapatellar
Deep intrapatellar
Suprapatellar bursa
Extension of the synovial capsule between the femur and the quadriceps tendon
Popliteus bursa
Extension of the synovial capsule between the popliteus and the lateral condyle of the tibia
Gastrocnemius bursa
Extension of the synovial capsule between the medial head of the gastroc and the femur
Subcutaneous prepatellar bursa
Between the skin and the patella
Subcutaneous intrapatellar bursa
Between the skin and the tibial tuberosity
Deep infrapatellar bursa
Between patellar ligament and tibia
Internal ligaments (intracapsular)
Anterior cruciate ligament
Posterior cruciate ligament
Anterior cruciate ligament
Arises from the anterior intercondylar area of the tibia, and extends superiorly, posteriorly and laterally to attach to the posterior part of the medial side of the lateral condyle of the femur
Prevent posterior displacement of the femur on the tibia and hyperextension of the knee joint
Extrasynovial ligament
The synovial capsule lines, the fibrous capsule of the new joint, except posteriorly, where is reflected around the cruciate ligaments
Posterior cruciate ligament
Arises from the posterior aspect of the intercondylar area of the tibia and passes, superiorly and anteriorly on the medial side of the anterior cruciate ligament to the anterior part of the lateral side of the medial condyle of the femur
Prevents anterior displacement of the femur on the tibia or posterior displacement of the tibia
Extrasynovial ligament
It is the main stabilizer of the flexed knee during gait
Menisci
Two fibrocartilaginous discs
The function is too deepen the shallow Articular fossae of the tibia
Medial meniscus
It is C shaped
It is firmly attached to the tibial collateral ligament
It is attached along the periphery of the tibial condyle by the coronary ligaments
Lateral meniscus
It is O shaped
It is attached to the tibial condyles via the coronary ligaments
The lateral meniscus is separated away from the fibular collateral ligament by the tendon of popliteus muscle
Posterior meniscofemoral ligament- strong Tendinous extension of the lateral meniscus that attaches to the posterior cruciate ligament and medial condyle of the tibia
Posterior meniscofemoral ligament
Posterior meniscofemoral ligament- strong Tendinous extension of the lateral meniscus that attaches to the posterior cruciate ligament and medial condyle of the tibia
Wrisberg portion- comes off the lateral meniscus to join (PCL)
Humphry portion- travels from the lateral meniscus, but more anterior (ACL)
Blood supply of the menisci
Lateral third of each meniscus as well supplied (red zone) well medial third is not well supplied (white zone)
The middle third is considered the pink zone
Supplied by genicular branches
-femoral a.
-Popliteal a.
-Anterior and posterior recurrent branches of the anterior tibial a.
-Circumflex fibular arteries
Innervation of the knee
Obturator
Femoral
Tibial
Common peroneal
Q angle
12- 20 degrees
Middle Genicular arteries
will penetrate the fibrous layer of the joint capsule and supply the cruciate ligaments, synovial membrane, and peripheral margins of the menisci (red zone)
Popliteal artery passage
When it moves past the knee, it branches off into Superior genicular artery, middle genicular artery, and inferior Genicular artery
Tibial artery passage in knee
After popliteal fossa, it gives off an anterior tibial artery and posterior tibial artery
