Knee Joint

Question 1

Knee joint

Answer 1

Synovial joint
Hinge variety with a small amount of rotation

Articulation between femoral and tibial condyles

Articulation surface of the femur is larger than the surface of a tibia there, therefore some sliding must occur with the femur to maintain contact with the tibia

Capsule-strong fibrous

Question 2

External ligaments (extracapsular)

Answer 2

Patellar ligament
Fibular collateral ligament
Tibial collateral ligament
Arcuate ligament
Oblique popliteal ligament

Question 3

Patellar ligament

Answer 3

Continuation of the quadriceps tendon
strengthens the anterior capsule of the knee

Question 4

Fibular collateral ligament

Answer 4

Also known as the lateral collateral ligament

Extends from the lateral epicondyle of the femur to the lateral surface of the head of the fibula

Only partial fused with the capsule on the superior end

Strengthens the lateral capsule

Question 5

Tibial collateral ligament

Answer 5

Also called the medial collateral ligament

Extends from the medial epicondyle of the femur to the medial surface of the tibia

Strengthens the fibrous capsule and is completely intrinsic

Question 6

Arcuate ligament

Answer 6

Strengthens the posterior capsule

It is Y-shaped ligament that inserts into the intercondylar area of the tibia, and the posterior aspect of the lateral epicondyle of the femur

Question 7

Oblique popliteal ligament

Answer 7

Expansion of the tendon of the semimembranosus muscle

Strengthens the posterior capsule

Question 8

Capsular Bursae

Answer 8

Suprapatellar
Popliteus
Gastrocnemius
Subcutaneous prepatellar
Subcutaneous intrapatellar
Deep intrapatellar

Question 9

Suprapatellar bursa

Answer 9

Extension of the synovial capsule between the femur and the quadriceps tendon

Question 10

Popliteus bursa

Answer 10

Extension of the synovial capsule between the popliteus and the lateral condyle of the tibia

Question 11

Gastrocnemius bursa

Answer 11

Extension of the synovial capsule between the medial head of the gastroc and the femur

Question 12

Subcutaneous prepatellar bursa

Answer 12

Between the skin and the patella

Question 13

Subcutaneous intrapatellar bursa

Answer 13

Between the skin and the tibial tuberosity

Question 14

Deep infrapatellar bursa

Answer 14

Between patellar ligament and tibia

Question 15

Internal ligaments (intracapsular)

Answer 15

Anterior cruciate ligament
Posterior cruciate ligament

Question 16

Anterior cruciate ligament

Answer 16

Arises from the anterior intercondylar area of the tibia, and extends superiorly, posteriorly and laterally to attach to the posterior part of the medial side of the lateral condyle of the femur

Prevent posterior displacement of the femur on the tibia and hyperextension of the knee joint

Extrasynovial ligament

The synovial capsule lines, the fibrous capsule of the new joint, except posteriorly, where is reflected around the cruciate ligaments

Question 17

Posterior cruciate ligament

Answer 17

Arises from the posterior aspect of the intercondylar area of the tibia and passes, superiorly and anteriorly on the medial side of the anterior cruciate ligament to the anterior part of the lateral side of the medial condyle of the femur

Prevents anterior displacement of the femur on the tibia or posterior displacement of the tibia

Extrasynovial ligament

It is the main stabilizer of the flexed knee during gait

Question 18

Menisci

Answer 18

Two fibrocartilaginous discs

The function is too deepen the shallow Articular fossae of the tibia

Question 19

Medial meniscus

Answer 19

It is C shaped
It is firmly attached to the tibial collateral ligament

It is attached along the periphery of the tibial condyle by the coronary ligaments

Question 20

Lateral meniscus

Answer 20

It is O shaped

It is attached to the tibial condyles via the coronary ligaments

The lateral meniscus is separated away from the fibular collateral ligament by the tendon of popliteus muscle

Posterior meniscofemoral ligament- strong Tendinous extension of the lateral meniscus that attaches to the posterior cruciate ligament and medial condyle of the tibia

Question 21

Posterior meniscofemoral ligament

Answer 21

Posterior meniscofemoral ligament- strong Tendinous extension of the lateral meniscus that attaches to the posterior cruciate ligament and medial condyle of the tibia

Wrisberg portion- comes off the lateral meniscus to join (PCL)

Humphry portion- travels from the lateral meniscus, but more anterior (ACL)

Question 22

Blood supply of the menisci

Answer 22

Lateral third of each meniscus as well supplied (red zone) well medial third is not well supplied (white zone)

The middle third is considered the pink zone

Supplied by genicular branches
-femoral a.
-Popliteal a.
-Anterior and posterior recurrent branches of the anterior tibial a.
-Circumflex fibular arteries

Question 23

Innervation of the knee

Answer 23

Obturator
Femoral
Tibial
Common peroneal

Question 24

Q angle

Answer 24

12- 20 degrees

Question 25

Middle Genicular arteries

Answer 25

will penetrate the fibrous layer of the joint capsule and supply the cruciate ligaments, synovial membrane, and peripheral margins of the menisci (red zone)

Question 26

Popliteal artery passage

Answer 26

When it moves past the knee, it branches off into Superior genicular artery, middle genicular artery, and inferior Genicular artery

Question 27

Tibial artery passage in knee

Answer 27

After popliteal fossa, it gives off an anterior tibial artery and posterior tibial artery