Muscles Of The Sole Of Foot

Question 1

Planter aponeurosis

Answer 1

Thickening of the plantar fascia similar to that found in the palm of the hand

Acts as a strong tie for the longitudinal arches of the foot

Attaches posteriorly to the medial process of the calcaneus anteriorly to the heads of the metatarsals

Question 2

First layer of muscles in the foot

Answer 2

Abductor hallucis
Flexor digitorum brevis
Abductor digiti minimi Quinti

Question 3

Abductor hallucis

Answer 3

First layer
O- medial calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis
I- proximal phalanx of hallux
N- medial plantar nerve
A- abduct and flex hallux at MTP joint

Question 4

Flexor digitorum brevis

Answer 4

First layer
O- Milio calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis
I- middle phalanges of lateral four toes
N- medial plantar nerve
A- flexes toes 2-5 at MTP and PIP joints

Question 5

Abductor digiti minimi

Answer 5

First layer
O- lateral calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis
I- proximal phalanx of fifth digit
N- lateral plantar nerve
A- abduct and flex little toe at MTP

Question 6

Second layer of muscles

Answer 6

Flexor digitorum longus tendon
Flexor hallucis longus tendon
Quadratus Plantae
Lumbricals

Question 7

Flexor digitorum longus tendon

Answer 7

Second layer

O- tibia
I- distal phalanx of the lateral four digits
N- tibial nerve
A- flexion of digits 2-5 at MTP, PIP, DIP joints

Question 8

Flexor hallucis longus tendon

Answer 8

Second layer

O- fibula
I- distal phalanx of big toe
N- tibial nerve
A- flexion of hallux at MTP and IP joints

Question 9

Quadratus Plantae

Answer 9

Second layer

O- plantar surface of calcaneus
I- tendon of the flexor digitorum longus
N- lateral plantar nerve
A- redirect the line of pull of the tendons of the flexor digitorum longus

Question 10

Lumbricals

Answer 10

Second layer
Four lumbricals

O- medial borders of tendons of the FDL
I- basis of proximal phalanx 2-5 and dorsal digital expansions
N- medial one by the medial, plantar nerve, lateral three by the lateral plantar nerve
A- flexes the MTP And extends the PIP and DIP of the lateral four toes

Question 11

Third layer of the foot

Answer 11

Flexor hallucis brevis
Flexor digiti quinti
Adductor hallucis

Question 12

Flexor hallucis brevis

Answer 12

Third layer

O- plantar surface of cuboid and lateral cuneiform
I- medial and lateral big toe sesamoids in tendons
N- medial plantar nerve
A- flexes the great toe

Question 13

Flexor digiti quinti

Answer 13

Third layer

O- base of the fifth metatarsal
I- proximal phalanx of the fifth toe
N- lateral plantar nerve
A- flexed the little toe

Question 14

Adductor hallicus

Answer 14

Third layer

O- oblique head= base of the second third and fourth metatarsals transverse head= plantar ligaments of the lateral for MPJ
I- lateral base proximal phalanx of hallux
N- lateral plantar nerve
A- adducts the great toe assist in maintaining the transverse arch of the foot

Question 15

Fourth layer of the foot

Answer 15

Planter interossei
Dorsal interossei

Question 16

Plantar interossei

Answer 16

Fourth layer
Three plantar interossei

O- video sides of the third fourth and fifth metatarsals
I- medial side of the proximal phalanges of a third fourth and fifth digits and extensor expansions
N- lateral planter nerve
A- adduct to the line of the second toe

Question 17

Dorsal interossei

Answer 17

Fourth Layer
Four dorsal interossei

O- adjacent sides of the two metatarsals
I- #1 to medial side of the second digit
#2 to lateral side of the second digit
#3 to lateral side of the third digit
#4 to lateral side of the fourth digit
N- lateral plantar nerve
A- abducts from line of the second toe

Question 18

Windlass mechanism

Answer 18

Mechanical model that describes the manner in which the plantar fascia supports the foot during weight-bearing activities, and provides information regarding the bio mechanical stresses placed on the plantar fascia

The wind lass test achieves a direct stretch on the planter aponeurosis which can be affective in examining dysfunction on the plantar fascia. The test can be important in decision making process involved in the evaluation and treatment of plantar fasciitis

Question 19

Passive support for the arches of the foot

Answer 19

Plantar calcaneanonavicular ligament (spring)
Plantar aponeurosis
Long plantar ligament
Short plantar ligamen

Question 20

Active support for the arches of the foot

Answer 20

Tibialis anterior and posterior tendons medial side

Peroneus longus tendon lateral side