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pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

what passes through pudendal canal?

A

Enters canal: Internal pudenal artery & nerve. Pudendal vein.

Exists (via medial wall): Inferior rectal branch of pudenal nerve and internal pudendal vessels. (supply levator ani, external anal sphincter, LOWER anal canal.

Exits (end of canal): Pudendal nerve - supplies perineum, dorsal nerve of penis)

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2
Q

What are the parts of the perineum?

A

Anal triangle (posterior), urogenital triangle (anterior).

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3
Q

What are the layers of the anal triangle? (superficial to deep)

A

Fatty superficial fascia which contains ischiorectal fossae. These contain pudendal vessels and nerves. (enter via lesser sciatic foramen). Pudendal canal is in lateral wall of fossa. Deep fascia (shared with fascia of pelvis diaphragm.
Includes external anal sphincter.

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4
Q

Where are the ischiorectal fossae located?

A

On either side of the anal openings in the fatty superfical fascia layer of the anal triangle (perineum).

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5
Q

Urogenital triangle - location

A

urogenital triangle extends from transverse perineal muscles (arising from ischial tuberosites) & perineal body to ischiopubic ramus & pubic symphysis

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6
Q

Urogenital triangle -LAYERS (deep to superficial)

A
  1. Fascia shared between pelvic diaphragm and urogenital diaphragm.
  2. Deep perineal space (urogential diaphragm) - contains urethral sphincter and deep transverse perineal muscles and bulbourethral glands)
  3. fascia (perineal membrane/inferior fascia of urogenital diaphragm)
  4. superficial perineal space - contains bulbospongiosis, ischiocavernous, superficial transverse perineal muscles.
  5. superficial fascia
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7
Q

What is the perineal body? where is it located?

A

Midline where fibres from transverse perineal muscles interlace - added support for pelvic viscera). ANAL TRIANGLE

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8
Q

What lies in the deep perineal space/urogentital diaphragm?

A

deep transverse perineal muscles, membranous urethra and urethral sphincter, bulbourethral glands.

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9
Q

What lies in superficial perineal space?

A

bulbospongiosis, ischiocavernous, superficial transverse perineal muscles

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10
Q

Function of pelvis?

A

Weight bearing, attachment of lower limbs,, supports pelvic organs

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11
Q

Greater pelvis?

A

upper larger cavity, surrounded by ilium and upper sacrum

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12
Q

Lesser pelvis?

A

lower, smaller cavity, closed by soft tissue of pelvic floor.

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13
Q

Junction between lesser and greater pelvis?

A

Pelvic inlet

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14
Q

Pelvic inlet?

A

Sacral promontory and ala, arcuate line, pecten pubis, pubic symohysis and crest

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15
Q

Pelvic outlet?

A

Coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament, pubic symphysys, ischiopubic ramus, ischial tuberosity

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16
Q

What attaches to the greater trochanter?

A

The abductor muscles - move thigh outward at hip joint

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17
Q

What attaches to lesser trochanter?

A

The adducter muscles - move thigh inwards at hip joint

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18
Q

What attaches to iliac tuberosity?

A

interosseous ligament and posterior sacroiliac ligament

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19
Q

what attaches to pecten pubis?

A

lacunar ligament

20
Q

what attaches to pubic tubercle?

A

inguinal ligament

21
Q

junction of ilium and pubis?

A

ileopubic eminence

22
Q

What attaches to ischial tuberosity?

A

sacrotuberous ligament

23
Q

What is at junction of greater and lesser sciatic notches?

A

ischial spine

24
Q

What transmits piriformis?

A

Greater sciatic notch

25
Q

What goes through lesser sciatic notch/foramen?

A

tendon of obturator internus, obturator nerve, internal pudendal vessels and nerve

26
Q

What is the median sacral crest?

A

The fused spines of sacral vertebrae

27
Q

what does sacral canal contain?

A

Contains spinal nerves and meninges but NO spinal cord

28
Q

WHere does spinal cord end?

A

L2

29
Q

Joints of the pelvis?

A

sacroiliac, lumbosacral and acetabular joint

30
Q

what is the sacroiliac joint?

A

synovial joint, limited movemebt

31
Q

Where is lumbosacral joint? what stabalises it?

A

Between L5 and sacrum. iliolumbar ligament

32
Q

List the ligaments of the pelvis

A

Sacrotuberous, sacrospinous, interosseous, iliolumbar, sacroliliac (anterior and posterior)

33
Q

Iliolumbar ligament

A

L5 to iliac crest. prevents L5 from slipping anteriorly and also transmits some weight

34
Q

Sacroiliac ligament

A

ant and post. Post interlacing bands. Ant runs sacrum to iliac fossa,

35
Q

What do sacrotuberous and sacrospinous prevent?

A

rotation of sacrum in vertical plane

36
Q

Obturator internus. Attachments.

A

Lateral. Ilium and ischium surrounding obturator foramen. Greater trochanter below piriformis. Through LESSER sciatic foramen.

37
Q

Obturator internus. Action.

A

Hip abductor (rotates thigh laterally)

38
Q

Piriformis. Attachments.

A

Posterior pelvis. Pelvic surface of S2-S4. Tendon attached to greater trochanter of femur. Sciatic nerve may pass above, below or through muscle. Through GREATER sciatic notch.

39
Q

Levator ani.

A

part of pelvic diaphragm. Attaches to tendinous arch of obturator internus. more as well.

40
Q

Levator ani. Action.

A

supports pelvic viscera. raises pelvic floor )

41
Q

Coccygeus. Attachments.

A

Ischial spine. Coccyx and sacum.

42
Q

Levator ani muscles (paired) (post to ant)

A

Iliococcygeus, pubococcygeus, puborectalis, pubovaginalis (levator prostate)

43
Q

Iliococcygeus

A

posterior half tendinous arch, ischial spine, anococcygeal ligament

44
Q

annococcygeal ligament

A

fibrous band exntending from coccyx to anal margin

45
Q

spleen position?

A

Left side. Anterior to ribs 9-11.

46
Q

Spleen surfaces

A

Diaphragmatic (

visceral (12 decks)

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