pelvis Flashcards
what passes through pudendal canal?
Enters canal: Internal pudenal artery & nerve. Pudendal vein.
Exists (via medial wall): Inferior rectal branch of pudenal nerve and internal pudendal vessels. (supply levator ani, external anal sphincter, LOWER anal canal.
Exits (end of canal): Pudendal nerve - supplies perineum, dorsal nerve of penis)
What are the parts of the perineum?
Anal triangle (posterior), urogenital triangle (anterior).
What are the layers of the anal triangle? (superficial to deep)
Fatty superficial fascia which contains ischiorectal fossae. These contain pudendal vessels and nerves. (enter via lesser sciatic foramen). Pudendal canal is in lateral wall of fossa. Deep fascia (shared with fascia of pelvis diaphragm.
Includes external anal sphincter.
Where are the ischiorectal fossae located?
On either side of the anal openings in the fatty superfical fascia layer of the anal triangle (perineum).
Urogenital triangle - location
urogenital triangle extends from transverse perineal muscles (arising from ischial tuberosites) & perineal body to ischiopubic ramus & pubic symphysis
Urogenital triangle -LAYERS (deep to superficial)
- Fascia shared between pelvic diaphragm and urogenital diaphragm.
- Deep perineal space (urogential diaphragm) - contains urethral sphincter and deep transverse perineal muscles and bulbourethral glands)
- fascia (perineal membrane/inferior fascia of urogenital diaphragm)
- superficial perineal space - contains bulbospongiosis, ischiocavernous, superficial transverse perineal muscles.
- superficial fascia
What is the perineal body? where is it located?
Midline where fibres from transverse perineal muscles interlace - added support for pelvic viscera). ANAL TRIANGLE
What lies in the deep perineal space/urogentital diaphragm?
deep transverse perineal muscles, membranous urethra and urethral sphincter, bulbourethral glands.
What lies in superficial perineal space?
bulbospongiosis, ischiocavernous, superficial transverse perineal muscles
Function of pelvis?
Weight bearing, attachment of lower limbs,, supports pelvic organs
Greater pelvis?
upper larger cavity, surrounded by ilium and upper sacrum
Lesser pelvis?
lower, smaller cavity, closed by soft tissue of pelvic floor.
Junction between lesser and greater pelvis?
Pelvic inlet
Pelvic inlet?
Sacral promontory and ala, arcuate line, pecten pubis, pubic symohysis and crest
Pelvic outlet?
Coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament, pubic symphysys, ischiopubic ramus, ischial tuberosity
What attaches to the greater trochanter?
The abductor muscles - move thigh outward at hip joint
What attaches to lesser trochanter?
The adducter muscles - move thigh inwards at hip joint
What attaches to iliac tuberosity?
interosseous ligament and posterior sacroiliac ligament
what attaches to pecten pubis?
lacunar ligament
what attaches to pubic tubercle?
inguinal ligament
junction of ilium and pubis?
ileopubic eminence
What attaches to ischial tuberosity?
sacrotuberous ligament
What is at junction of greater and lesser sciatic notches?
ischial spine
What transmits piriformis?
Greater sciatic notch
What goes through lesser sciatic notch/foramen?
tendon of obturator internus, obturator nerve, internal pudendal vessels and nerve
What is the median sacral crest?
The fused spines of sacral vertebrae
what does sacral canal contain?
Contains spinal nerves and meninges but NO spinal cord
WHere does spinal cord end?
L2
Joints of the pelvis?
sacroiliac, lumbosacral and acetabular joint
what is the sacroiliac joint?
synovial joint, limited movemebt
Where is lumbosacral joint? what stabalises it?
Between L5 and sacrum. iliolumbar ligament
List the ligaments of the pelvis
Sacrotuberous, sacrospinous, interosseous, iliolumbar, sacroliliac (anterior and posterior)
Iliolumbar ligament
L5 to iliac crest. prevents L5 from slipping anteriorly and also transmits some weight
Sacroiliac ligament
ant and post. Post interlacing bands. Ant runs sacrum to iliac fossa,
What do sacrotuberous and sacrospinous prevent?
rotation of sacrum in vertical plane
Obturator internus. Attachments.
Lateral. Ilium and ischium surrounding obturator foramen. Greater trochanter below piriformis. Through LESSER sciatic foramen.
Obturator internus. Action.
Hip abductor (rotates thigh laterally)
Piriformis. Attachments.
Posterior pelvis. Pelvic surface of S2-S4. Tendon attached to greater trochanter of femur. Sciatic nerve may pass above, below or through muscle. Through GREATER sciatic notch.
Levator ani.
part of pelvic diaphragm. Attaches to tendinous arch of obturator internus. more as well.
Levator ani. Action.
supports pelvic viscera. raises pelvic floor )
Coccygeus. Attachments.
Ischial spine. Coccyx and sacum.
Levator ani muscles (paired) (post to ant)
Iliococcygeus, pubococcygeus, puborectalis, pubovaginalis (levator prostate)
Iliococcygeus
posterior half tendinous arch, ischial spine, anococcygeal ligament
annococcygeal ligament
fibrous band exntending from coccyx to anal margin
spleen position?
Left side. Anterior to ribs 9-11.
Spleen surfaces
Diaphragmatic (
