anterolateral thoracic walls

Question 1

what are the boundaries of the thoracic inlet? Crossed by?

Answer 1

Thoracic inlet: dome of parietal pleura, manubrium, rib 1, body of T1. Crossed by trachea, oesophagus, nerves & vessels

Question 2

what are the boundaries of the thoracic outlet? Crossed by?

Answer 2

Thoracic outlet: Body of T12, ribs 11 & 12, costal margins, xiphosternal joint, diaphragm. Crossed by: oesophagus, vessels & nerves

Question 3

What are the true ribs?

Answer 3

Ribs 1-7 (costal cartilage articulates with sternum)

Question 4

What are the false ribs?

Answer 4

Ribs 8-10 (costal cartilages articulates with margin of costal cartilage above)

Question 5

What are the floating ribs?

Answer 5

Ribs 11-12 (costal cartilage end in posterior abdominal muscles)

Question 6

What are the main features of typical ribs?

Answer 6

Posterior end:
- Head (sup facet - articulates with vert. above. inf facet for equivalent vertebra)
- neck
- Tubercle (articulating part (transverse process vert) and non-articulating part) faces inferiorly
- Flattened anterior/posterior plane
- Costal groove (internally - medial side)
- Sharp lower border
- Rough anterior edge - attachment of costal cartilage
-

Question 7

What lies in the costal groove?

Answer 7

Neurovascular bundle

Question 8

List special features of Rib 1?

Answer 8

• Flattened in superior/inferior plane
  ANT TO POST:
• Groove for subclavian vein (anterior)
• Attachment for scalenus ANTerior
• Groove for subclavian artery (posteriorly)
• Attachment for scalenus MEDius (anterior to tubercle) + serratus anterior

Question 9

List special features of Rib 2?

Answer 9

• Flattened in superior/inferior plane
• Tubercle for serratus anterior
• Attachment for scalenus POSTerior

Question 10

Where does the scalenus anterior attach to ?

Answer 10

In between the grooves for the subclavian vein and artery on rib 1.

Question 11

What are the joints articulating the ribs with the vertebra?

Answer 11

Costocorporeal - heads of true ribs

Costotransverse

Question 12

Where is the pectoralis minor located?

Answer 12

Deep to pectoralis major. Ribs to scapula.

Question 13

Pectoralis major?

Answer 13

Fan shaped. Sternum and ribs to humerus.

Question 14

TRUE or FALSE: Costochondral joints are synovial.

Answer 14

FALSE: non moveable, bone blends with cartilage

Question 15

Are the sternoclavicular joints synovial or not?

Answer 15

Yes. Except for rib 1 which is cartilagenous.

Question 16

Muscle that connects sternum to lower true ribs?

Answer 16

Transversus thoracus

Question 17

Muscle that crosses several ribs in posterior lower thorax. Orientation?

Answer 17

Subcostal muscles - parallel to innermost & internal intercostals (anterosuperior to posteroinferior)

Question 18

Where do the nerves in intercostal spaces arise from?

Answer 18

Ventral rami of mixed spinal nerves.

Question 19

Sternal angle?

Answer 19

Manubriosternal joint.

1. body of T4
2. Junction of sup. + inf. mediastinum
3. Underside of arch of aorta
4. Bifurcation of trachea into bronchi
5. Site of second costal cartilage

Question 20

the tubercle of rib 7 will attach to the _____ ______ of vertebra _ as well as the inferior demi-facet of vertebra _ and the superior demi-facet of vertebra _

Answer 20

transverse process , 7, 6, 7

Question 21

a typical rib has a sharpened/rounded superior border and a sharpened/rounded inferior border

Answer 21

rounded, sharpened

Question 22

from posterior to anterior name the groove and attachments of the first rib:

Answer 22

scalenus medius, groove for subclavian artery, scalenus anterior, groove for subclavian vein

Question 23

from posterior to anterior name the groove and attachments of the second rib:

Answer 23

scalenus posterior, (tubercle for) serratus anterior

Question 24

costocorporeal joint is between:

Answer 24

The head of rib and demifacet of thoracic vertebrae

Question 25

costotransverse joint is between:

Answer 25

tubercle of rib and transverse process of vertebra