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nerves Flashcards

1
Q

where does pudendal nerve arise from?

A

ventral rami of S2,3,4

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2
Q

What does pudendal nerve supply?

A

(INFERIOR RECTAL BRANCH) levator ani, LOWER anal canal and sphincter. Becomes DORSAL nerve of pensi/clitoris

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3
Q

what nerves supply the kidneys?

A

Renal plexus - arises from coeliac plexus. travels on renal artery - can function adequately without nerves

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4
Q

WHAT DOES THE RENAL PLEXUS CONSIST OF?

A
  • sympathetic (thoracic splanchnics) VASOMOTER and also supply ureter.
  • parasympathetics (from vagus) - supply smooth muscle wall of calices, pelvis and ureters.
  • sensory (from phrenics)
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5
Q

nerves for ureters?

A

autonomic innervation from plexuses - aortic, renal and sup + inf hypogastric plexuses.

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6
Q

Bladder function

A

Storage of urine

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7
Q

Nerve supply of bladder ? (sensory, autononomic)

A

Sensory - (bladder wall) stretch as bladder fills
Parasympathetic - contraction detrussor, inhibition of sphincter - void urine (toilet training supresses this reflex)
Sympathetic - (bladder wall - sparse) - vasomotor, inhibit detrussor. (bladder neck) MALE: numerous.contract sphincter as bladder fills esp during ejactulation. FEMALE: fewer, more parasymp

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8
Q

Difference between sympathetic fibres in the bladder of males and females?

A

Males have more sympathetic fibures in the neck of the baldder. They contract sphincter as the bladder fills and especially during ejaculation to PREVENT RETROGADE EJACULATION. Fmeales have more parasympathetic fibires in bladder neck. Both sexues have relatively sparse symp fibres in bladder wall.

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9
Q

Female urethra?

A

4cm long, crosses perineal membrane anteroinferiorly to open anterior to vaginal orifice. Mucosal lining and smooth muscle.

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10
Q

Suprarenals function

A

endocrine organ.

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11
Q

SUPRARENALs location.

A

Left is semilunar. Right is triangular. On superior pole of each kidney. Within renal fascia but separated from kidney by fibrous septum.

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12
Q

Right suprarenal relations.

A

Posterior to IVC and right hepatic lobe.

Anterior to diaphragm. Medial border closely related to coeliac ganglia.

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13
Q

Left suprarenal relations.

A

Posterior to stomach, pancreas splenic artery.

Anterior to diaphragm. Medial border closely related to coeliac ganglia.

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14
Q

Suprarenal structure.

A

Capsule, cortex, medulla. (outside to inside)

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15
Q

Cortex of suprarenal?

A

3 zones - outer zona glomerulosa: mineralocorticoids. Zona reticularis & fasiculata: Glucocorticoids & Sex hormones.

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16
Q

Medulla of suprarenal?

A

Produces adrenaline and nor-adrenalin in response to preganglionic SYMPATHETIC nerves.

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17
Q

Suprarenal nerves.

A

Mostly preganglionic symp. from symp trunk & coeliac ganglion. Synapse on medullary cells.

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18
Q

Nerve that supplies somatic to bulbospongiosus & ischiocaverous muscles

A

Dorsal nerve of the penis

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19
Q

Nerve that supplies sensory fibres to skin of shaft and glans of penis?

A

Dorsal nerve of penis

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20
Q

Name the nerve supply to the penis.

A

Dorsal nerve of the penis (skin, urethra, muscles), greater & lesser cavernous nerves (erectile tissue)

21
Q

What is the dorsal nerve of the penis a branch of?

A

Terminal branch of the pudendal nerve - derived from sacral plexus.

22
Q

What fibres are primarily in the dorsal nerve of the penis?

A

Somatosensory (sensory & motor) but also some autonomic innervation (mostly SYMPATHETIC + some some psymp.).

23
Q

Nerve supplying sensory fibres to urethra?

A

Dorsal nerve of penis.

24
Q

Somatic nerve supply to perineal muscles?

A

dorsal nerve of penis. (perineal branch of pudendal nerve)

25
Q

Where are greater and lesser cavernous nerves derived from?

A

Prostatic plexus in capsule of prostate (lowest part of inferior hypogastric plexus)

26
Q

What do the cavernous nerves consist of mainly?

A

Parasympatehic fibres (+ some sensory and symp)

27
Q

What do cavernous nerves supply?

A

Arteries within erectile tissue (parasymp - vasodilate) of corpus cavernosum & corpus spongiosum.

28
Q

What nerve supplies corpus spongiosum?

A

Lesser cavernous nerve

29
Q

Autonomic nerve supply to urethra?

A

Lesser cavernous nerve

30
Q

What nerve supplies corpus cavernosum?

A

Greater cavernous nerve.

31
Q

Pudendal nerve course.

A

Through greater sciatic foramen (between piriformis & coocygeus) inferior to sciatic nerve. Passes through lesser sciatic foramen.

32
Q

Branches of pudendal nerve?

A

Inferior rectal, perineal, dorsal nerve of penis.

33
Q

Superior hypogastric plexus

A

continuation of nerve plexuses in upper abdomen (coeliac, superior, inferior mesenteric etc).

34
Q

Superior hypogastric plexus loaction.

A

Anterior to bifurcation of abdominal aorta.

35
Q

Superior hypogastric plexus loaction contains.

A

SYMPATHETIC & sensory fibures & some psymp. from pelvic splanchnics.

36
Q

Inferior hypogastric plexus location

A

connected to sup. plexus by hypogastric nerves. Medial to internal iliac arteries.

37
Q

Inferior hypogastric plexus supplies?

A

bladder, rectum, and prostate & penis.

38
Q

Prostatic plexus branches? (nerve)

A

Superior and inferior cavernous nerves.

39
Q

Ejaculation.

A

Symp control - contraction of smooth muslce in walls of EPIDIDYMUS, ductus deferens, prostate bulbourethral glands and pelcis floor muscles, also closes bladder neck. Sperm from epididymus mixes with semen in urethra but does not pass into accessory glands or bladder.

40
Q

termination of erection

A

Detumescence. Sympathetic control. contraction of arterial muscle = decrease blood flow into erectile tissue. Lowered pressured also reduced compression of veins = venous drainage.

41
Q

Nerve supply of female int genitalia?

A

ovarian and hypogastric plexuses.

42
Q

Nerve supply to trachea?

A

Vagus

43
Q

Where do pelvic splanchnic arise?

A

S2-S4.

44
Q

Innervation of rectum & anus?

A

Mostly autonominc except in lower anal canal where it is somatic

45
Q

Sympathetic nerve supply to rectum & anus?

A

From lumbar sympathetic trunk

46
Q

Parasympathetic nerve supply to rectum & anus?

A

From pelvic splanchnics

47
Q

Sensory innervation to rectum and anus?

A

Stretch above pectinate line, pain temp below.

48
Q

Nerve supplying lower anal canal?

A

Pudendal nerve (origin S2-4)

49
Q

Nerve that supplies sensory fibres to parietal pleura?

A

Phrenic

visceral (12 decks)

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