lymph Flashcards
Functions of lymph vessels?
- collection of tissue fluid & return it to systemic circulation
- Transport of lymphocytes and other immune cells.
- Uptake & transport of longchain fatty acids absorbed in the intestine
How much of tissue fluid is returned by lymph vessels?
20%
Where is lymph returned?
t junctions of subclavian and internal jugular veins.
Additional connections in the IVC & renal, suprarenal, azygos & iliac veins & also in lymph nodes.
Features of lymph vessels?
blindly ending tubes, small, vasa vasorum , rapid repair, many anastomoses, follow large vessels as a plexus.
True or false. All lymph vessels have associated lymph nodes.
False.
Are lymph vessels found in cartilage?
No
Are lymph vessels found in healthy corneas?
No
What produces lymphocytes?
Lymph nodules
Where are lymph nodes located?
300-400 nodes - most in neck, thorax, abdomen, pelvis and groin
True or false. There are many lymph nodes located in the limbs.
False
True or false. Lymph nodes are always associated with lymph vessels.
True
sentinal lymph node?
First node or group of nodes into which lymph from a particular organ drains.
Main tributaries of the thoracic trunk in the neck?
Left subclavian trunk.
Left jugular.
Left bronchomediastinal.
Thoracic duct in the THORAX recieves lymph from what trunks?
Mediastinal trunks.
5-6 upper intercostal trunks.
Thoracic trunk formed by confluence of which tributaries?
2 x Lumbar trunks
1 x gastrointestinal trunk
2x descending intercostal (thoracic) trunks
Origin of thoracic duct - what level?
Dilation called cisterna chyli (only present in 20% individuals). L2
Where does the thoracic duct drain into?
Left jugulosubclavian junction.
Where does the mediastinal trunk receive lymph from?
upper liver, diaphragm, heart, oesophagus
Where does the left subclavian trunk receive lymph from?
from upper left limb
Where does the left jugular trunk receive lymph from?
from left head & neck
Where does the left bronchomediastinal trunk receive lymph from?
upper left thorax & heart.
Where does the upper right side drain into?
20% individuals - right lymphatic duct. otherwise enter the great veins separately
Sets of nodes that drain skin & cutaneous structures?
Axillary group lymph nodes, deep cervical group lymph nodes, inguinal group lymph nodes.
Breast tissue?
Fibrous (whitish)
Adipose (yellow)
What happens to the breast during pregnancy?
Ducts & alveoli proliferate considerably. Fibrous and fatty tissue decreases.
Post lactation in breast?
Glandular tissue involutes and is replaced with fibrous tissue and fat.
Where do the lymph drain in the breast?
75% to axillary group lymph nodes. Remaining drains into infraclavicular & parasternal. Some into intercostal nodes, abdominal or accross midline.
What are the axillary group lymph nodes?
Central group.
Lateral group.
Posterior group (subscapular)
Anterior group.
Where are the distal superficial inguinal nodes located?
Along termination of greater saphenous vein.
where are the proximal superficial inguinal nodes located?
Along the inguinal ligament.
Where are the deep inguinal nodes located?
1-3 nodes- deep and medial to femoral vein.
What do the proximal superficial inguinal nodes receive lymph from?
External genitalia (not testis), anal region, skin below umbilicus. some of the vesssels from the uterus also drain here.
Which lymph nodes recieves lymph from superficial vessels from lower limb?
Distal superficial inguinal group.
Lymph nodes that follow vessels from intestines?
Preaortic nodes
Nodes that drain urogenital organs, posterior body wall & lower limbs
Lateral aortic or lumbar nodes
Lymph vessels on lungs?
Deep plexus and Superficial subpleural vessels
What is the highest point reaches by the thoracic duct?
C7
Lymph nodes drain female int genitalia?
internal and external iliac nodes, rectal & sacral, superficial inguinal, aortic & preaortic
Where does lymph of lower anal canal drain to?
Superficial inguinal nodes
Where does lymph of rectum and upper anal canal drain to?
Preaortic and internal iliac nodes.
Where does lymph in liver enter into?
Space of Disse (between sinusoids and hepatocytes).
