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visceral > lymph > Flashcards

lymph Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of lymph vessels?

A
  1. collection of tissue fluid & return it to systemic circulation
  2. Transport of lymphocytes and other immune cells.
  3. Uptake & transport of longchain fatty acids absorbed in the intestine
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2
Q

How much of tissue fluid is returned by lymph vessels?

A

20%

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3
Q

Where is lymph returned?

A

t junctions of subclavian and internal jugular veins.

Additional connections in the IVC & renal, suprarenal, azygos & iliac veins & also in lymph nodes.

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4
Q

Features of lymph vessels?

A

blindly ending tubes, small, vasa vasorum , rapid repair, many anastomoses, follow large vessels as a plexus.

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5
Q

True or false. All lymph vessels have associated lymph nodes.

A

False.

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6
Q

Are lymph vessels found in cartilage?

A

No

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7
Q

Are lymph vessels found in healthy corneas?

A

No

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8
Q

What produces lymphocytes?

A

Lymph nodules

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9
Q

Where are lymph nodes located?

A

300-400 nodes - most in neck, thorax, abdomen, pelvis and groin

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10
Q

True or false. There are many lymph nodes located in the limbs.

A

False

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11
Q

True or false. Lymph nodes are always associated with lymph vessels.

A

True

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12
Q

sentinal lymph node?

A

First node or group of nodes into which lymph from a particular organ drains.

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13
Q

Main tributaries of the thoracic trunk in the neck?

A

Left subclavian trunk.
Left jugular.
Left bronchomediastinal.

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14
Q

Thoracic duct in the THORAX recieves lymph from what trunks?

A

Mediastinal trunks.

5-6 upper intercostal trunks.

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15
Q

Thoracic trunk formed by confluence of which tributaries?

A

2 x Lumbar trunks
1 x gastrointestinal trunk
2x descending intercostal (thoracic) trunks

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16
Q

Origin of thoracic duct - what level?

A

Dilation called cisterna chyli (only present in 20% individuals). L2

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17
Q

Where does the thoracic duct drain into?

A

Left jugulosubclavian junction.

18
Q

Where does the mediastinal trunk receive lymph from?

A

upper liver, diaphragm, heart, oesophagus

19
Q

Where does the left subclavian trunk receive lymph from?

A

from upper left limb

20
Q

Where does the left jugular trunk receive lymph from?

A

from left head & neck

21
Q

Where does the left bronchomediastinal trunk receive lymph from?

A

upper left thorax & heart.

22
Q

Where does the upper right side drain into?

A

20% individuals - right lymphatic duct. otherwise enter the great veins separately

23
Q

Sets of nodes that drain skin & cutaneous structures?

A

Axillary group lymph nodes, deep cervical group lymph nodes, inguinal group lymph nodes.

24
Q

Breast tissue?

A

Fibrous (whitish)

Adipose (yellow)

25
Q

What happens to the breast during pregnancy?

A

Ducts & alveoli proliferate considerably. Fibrous and fatty tissue decreases.

26
Q

Post lactation in breast?

A

Glandular tissue involutes and is replaced with fibrous tissue and fat.

27
Q

Where do the lymph drain in the breast?

A

75% to axillary group lymph nodes. Remaining drains into infraclavicular & parasternal. Some into intercostal nodes, abdominal or accross midline.

28
Q

What are the axillary group lymph nodes?

A

Central group.
Lateral group.
Posterior group (subscapular)
Anterior group.

29
Q

Where are the distal superficial inguinal nodes located?

A

Along termination of greater saphenous vein.

30
Q

where are the proximal superficial inguinal nodes located?

A

Along the inguinal ligament.

31
Q

Where are the deep inguinal nodes located?

A

1-3 nodes- deep and medial to femoral vein.

32
Q

What do the proximal superficial inguinal nodes receive lymph from?

A

External genitalia (not testis), anal region, skin below umbilicus. some of the vesssels from the uterus also drain here.

33
Q

Which lymph nodes recieves lymph from superficial vessels from lower limb?

A

Distal superficial inguinal group.

34
Q

Lymph nodes that follow vessels from intestines?

A

Preaortic nodes

35
Q

Nodes that drain urogenital organs, posterior body wall & lower limbs

A

Lateral aortic or lumbar nodes

36
Q

Lymph vessels on lungs?

A

Deep plexus and Superficial subpleural vessels

37
Q

What is the highest point reaches by the thoracic duct?

A

C7

38
Q

Lymph nodes drain female int genitalia?

A

internal and external iliac nodes, rectal & sacral, superficial inguinal, aortic & preaortic

39
Q

Where does lymph of lower anal canal drain to?

A

Superficial inguinal nodes

40
Q

Where does lymph of rectum and upper anal canal drain to?

A

Preaortic and internal iliac nodes.

41
Q

Where does lymph in liver enter into?

A

Space of Disse (between sinusoids and hepatocytes).

visceral (12 decks)

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