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visceral > heart > Flashcards

heart Flashcards

1
Q

which layer of pericardium is pain sensitive?

A

Parietal pericardium

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2
Q

Where does the fibrous pericardium attach?

A

Mediastinum, pleura & central tendon of diaphragm.

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3
Q

What is the fibrous pericardium?

A

Connective tissue surrounding the outside of the pericardial sac.

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4
Q

What does the visceral pericardium cover?

A

Covers the heart (epicardium) and bases of great vessels.

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5
Q

What is the heart lined with?

A

Endocardium - endothelium + small amount underlying connective tissue

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6
Q

Borders of the heart?

A

Superior border, left border, right border,

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7
Q

Where does the right atrium receive blood from?

A

Systemic circulation.

  1. Superior vena cava SVC (blood from body/head)
  2. Inferior vena cava IVC (blood from body)
  3. Coronary sinus
  4. Vena cordis minimae
  5. anterior cardiac veins
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8
Q

How much of coronary circulation does coronary sinus drain? What drains the remainder of the circulation?

A

60% - vena cordis minimae & anterior cardiac veins

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9
Q

What are the internal features of the right atrium?

A

Anterior - rough (PECTINATE muscles)
- fossa ovalis
- crista terminalis
Posterior - smooth

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10
Q

What is the fossa ovalis?

A

Closed over remnant of embryonic opening between atria - foramen ovale.

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11
Q

What is the raised edge of the fossa ovalis called?

A

Limbus

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12
Q

What is the corresponding feature on the outside of the heart to crista terminalis?

A

Sulcus terminalis

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13
Q

Where is the mitral valve located?

A

Left atrioventricular valve - between the left atrium and ventricle

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14
Q

What is the right atrioventricular valve?

A

Tricuspid.

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15
Q

WHat are the leaflets of the AV valves attached to?

A

Chorda tendinae

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16
Q

What are the muscles in the ventricles that pull on the chorda tendinae?

A

papillary muscles.

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17
Q

Interlacing muscular folds in right ventricle?

A

Trabecular carnae

18
Q

What is the smooth part of the right ventricle?

A

The infundibulum on the left below opening of pulmonary trunk

19
Q

How many leaflets does the pulmonary valve have?

A

3

20
Q

Anterosuperior extension of left atrium?

A

left auricle.

21
Q

Internal features of left atrium?

A

Smooth except for left auricle - rough pectinate muscles.

22
Q

How many papillary muscles are there?

A

3 (each side)

23
Q

Where is the right coronary artery?

A

Coronary sulcus/right atrioventricular groove.

24
Q

Surface anatomy of the heart:

- Apex

A

at intersection of:

  • left mid clavicular line (line through mid point of clavicle) &
  • 5th intercostal space
25
Q

Surface anatomy of the heart:

- Right border

A

vertical level of right margin of the sternum

26
Q

Surface anatomy of the heart:

- Valves

A

are beneath a line joining the:
- 3rd left
- 6th right
Costal cartilages

27
Q

First branches of the ascending aorta?

A

Left & right coronary arteries

28
Q

Where do the coronary arteries arise from?

A

Expansions - aortic sinuses.

29
Q

What drains into the coronary sinus?

A

Great, middle and small cardiac veins

30
Q

Where do venae cordis minimae drain into?

A

all chambers

31
Q

Where is the GREAT cardiac vein? What does it drain?

A

Runs in the anterior interventricular sulcus.
Drains:
- left atrium
- both ventricles

32
Q

Where is the SMALL cardiac vein? What does it drain?

A

Runs in the coronary sulcus.
Drains:
- right atrium
- some right ventricle

33
Q

Where is the MIDDLE cardiac vein?

A

Runs in the posterior interventricular groove.
Drains:
- ventricles

34
Q

Where is the SA node located?

A

In the anterolateral wall of right atrium, just below opening of SVC.
Often associated with fat which gives recognisable pale appearance.

35
Q

Communication between SA node and AV node?

A

Slow - unmodified cardiac muscle fibres.

36
Q

AV node located?

A

In interarterial spetum below opening of coronary sinus.

37
Q

AV bundle of His located?

A

In interventricular septum.

38
Q

AV bundle consists of?

A

2 bundles of specialised cardiac muscle - purkinje fibres.

39
Q

Cardiac plexus formed from?

A

Sympathetic - from upper sympathetic trunk (increases heart rate and FOC)
Parasympathetic - from vagus (decreases rate and FOC)

40
Q

Sensory innervation of heart?

A

Phrenic nerve - passes trhough fibrous pericardium and carries sensroy fibres from serous parietal pericardium.

41
Q

Lymph drainage of heart?

A

Plexus of small vessels drain into left or right cardiac collecting trunks then into BRONCHOMEDIASTINAL trunk

visceral (12 decks)

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