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Fall-Anatomy Year 1 > Pelvis > Flashcards

Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

pelvic inlet

aka brim

A

divided by pectineal line of pubis > arcuate line of ilium and sacral promontory

above line = greater pelvis/false pelvis
below line= lesser pelvis/true pelvis

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2
Q

joints

A
  1. sacroiliac (synovial)
  2. lumbosacral w/ IV disc
  3. sacrococcygeal w/ IV
  4. pubic symphysis

other joints are fibrocartilaginous or secondary cartilaginous

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3
Q

ligaments

A
  1. sacrotuberous
    sacrum > IT
  2. sacrospinous
    sacrum > ischial spine
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4
Q

ligaments function

A

prevent anteroinferior displacement of superior sacrum

convert greater and lesser sciatic notches > foramina

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5
Q

differences

female

A

inlet = more round/oval
canal = short w/ parallel walls
IT and IS = everted
greater sciatic notch and pubic arch = broader
sacrum = short and broad

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6
Q

differences

male

A

inlet = heart shaped
canal = long and funnel shaped
IT and Is = not everted, in the way
greater sciatic notch and pubic arch = narrow
sacrum = long and narrow

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7
Q

muscles - lateral

A

1.obturator internus lined by** membrane** that forms medial tendinous arch

lesser pelvis > thru lesser sciatic foramen > femur greater trochanter

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8
Q

muscles - posterior

A

piriformis

sacrum in lesser pelvis> greater sciatic foramen > femur greater trochanter

bed for sacral nerve plexus

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9
Q

muscles - pelvic floor

A

aka pelvic diaphragm = levator ani + coccygeus

support viscera (esp when inc intraab pressure)

aid voluntary control of urination of fecal continence

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10
Q

levator ani

A

three parts:
1.puborectalis (medial)- sling from pubis around rectum, maintains fecal continence
2.pubococcygeus= pubis and teninous arch > cocyx
3.iliococcygeus - tendinous arch and IS > blends w/ pubococcygeus

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11
Q

coccygeus

ischiococcygeus

A

IS > occygeus/sacrum

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12
Q

urinary system

A

transport urine from kidneys to bladder
-store urine
-transfer urine to outside world

kidneys considered abdominal organs not pelvic

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13
Q

ureters

function

A

retroperitoneal muscular tubes transport urine from kidneys to posterosuperior bladder

enter bladder obliquely, flap valves form so contractions of bladder like sphincters to precent reflux

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14
Q

ureters

sex differences

A

female = ureters MEDIAL to uterine arteries origins,

male = ductus deferens b/t ureters and peritoneum
-ductus crosses ureter

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15
Q

ureters arterial supply

A

female= uterine arteries

male = inferior vesicular arteries

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16
Q

ureters innervation

A

nearby autonomic plexuses aka
renal, aortic, superior/inferior hypogastrics

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17
Q

bladder

A

temporary reservoir for urine

@ lesser pelvis in adults and extend to umbilicus
or in abdomen for children

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18
Q

bladder parts

A

apex- anterosuperior aspect
fundus- posterior wall
body- area b/t apex and fundus
neck- for constriction
trigone- triangle b/t ureteric and urethral openings (can project in older men = uvula)

walls made of detrusor muscle

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19
Q

bladder

sex differences

A

female: muscles of neck cont w/ urethra’s muscle

male: muscle of bladder neck cont w/ prostate fibromuscular tissue (fibers form involuntary internal urethral sphincter)

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20
Q

urethra

A

muscular tube from bladder to outside world

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21
Q

urethra female

A

descends anterior to vagina

urine exit via external urethral orifice

glands adj to urethra

22
Q

urethra male

A

longer and more complex

2 curves in flaccid penis vs. 1 in erect

parts:
1. preprostatic: neck of bladder to prostate
2. prostatic: w/i prostate, gently curves
3. intermediate/membranous: short, narrow, least distensible, thru external sphincter, things get stuck
4. spongy; longest, ends at external orifice of glans penis

membranous and spongy in perineum not pelvis

23
Q

prostatic urethra

A

urethral crest w/ median ridge

seminal colliculus= rounded eminence w/ utricle (cul de sac remnant of uterovaginal canal)

opening of ejaculatory (in seminal colliculus) and prostatic ducts (lateral to seminal colliculus)

24
Q

reproductive system

female

A

ovaries + uterine tubes + uterus + vagina

25
Q

ovaries

A

house glands
release ova

26
Q

uterine tubes

A

parts:
1. infundibulum (funnel shaped w/ fimbrae)
2. ampulla (widest, longest)
3. isthmus (entering uterine horns)
4. uterine part (short segment in uterine wall)

27
Q

uterus

A

body- upper 2/3
1. fundus- superior to uterine tube
2. uterine horns- entrance of tubes
3. isthmus- constricted region superior to cervix

cervix- neck
1. internal os- opening to uterus
2. external os- opening to vagina

28
Q

ligaments

female reproduction

A
  1. ovarian (ovary-uterus @ posteroinferior to uterotubal junction)
  2. round/ ligamentum teres (uterus to labia majora @anteroinferior to uterotubal junction)
  3. broad (mesentary of uterus)
29
Q

subdivisions of broad ligament

A
  1. suspensory- conveys ovarian vessels, lymphatics, nerves
  2. mesovarium- suspend ovary
  3. mesoalpinx- suspend uterine tube
  4. mesomentrium-suspend most of uterus
30
Q

vagina

A

musculomembranous tube from cervix >vestibule

compressed via external urethral sphincter + bulbospongiosus

surrounds cervix so superior part called fornix (anterior, posterior, lateral)

31
Q

vagina

innervation

A

lower 1/4 = deep perineal branch of pudendal, somatic
upper 3/4 = autonomic

32
Q

male reproductive system

A

testes + epididymis + ductus deferens + seminal vesicles + ejaculatory duct + prostate + bulbourethral glands

33
Q

ductus deferens

A

continuation of duct of epididymis

has ampulla

joins seminal vesicle = ejaculatory duct

seminal = paired glands secrete thick fluid into duct

34
Q

ejaculatory ducts

A

seminal vesicle duct + ductus deferens

converge upon seminal colliculus of prostatic urethra > descend thru posterior prostate

35
Q

prostate

A

accessory gland for male reprod

has prostatic urethra w/ lobes (ant, post, middle, lat) AND ducts that empty into sinuses on sides of colliculus

36
Q

bulbourethral glands

A

small glands secrete during sexual arousal

@posterolateral to membranous urethra

ducts open into spongy urethra in bulb penis

semen is mix of testes, seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbo glands

37
Q

periotenal reflections

A
  1. extraperitoneal/subperitoneal- outside or below peritoneal cavity, most pelvic viscera
  2. primarily retroperitonal (PRP)
  3. intraperitoneal
38
Q

primarily retroperitoneal

A

kidneys, ureters, rectum, anal canal, male prostate, seminal vesicles, vas deferens

39
Q

intraperitoneal

A

uterus, ovaries, uterine tubes

uterus could be secondarily IP

40
Q

spaces

A
  1. retropubic/retzius- behind pubis, accom bladder distension
  2. retrorectal- behind rectum, accom rectal expansion
  3. rectovesical pouch- male, b/t bladder/prostate and rectum
  4. vesicouterine pouch- female, b/t bladder and uterus
  5. rectouterine pouch/douglas- b/t uterus and rectum

douglas easily accessed via posterior fornix

41
Q

anterior vasculature

A

common iliac> internal iliac >
1. obturator
2. inferior gluteal
3. middle rectal
4. internal pudendal
5. inferior vesicular and superior
6. umbilical > superior vesicular
7. uterine > vaginal

O I MIIS U, UV

42
Q

posterior vasculature

A

common iliac>internal iliac>
1. iliolumbar
2. lateral sacral
3. superior gluteal

PILS

43
Q

vasculature general

A
  1. internal iliac
  2. external iliac
  3. gonadal arteries (testicular or ovarian) direct from aorta
44
Q

lymphatics

A

inguinal nodes (superficial and deep) from lower limbs + lowest body wall and external genitalia

external/internal iliac nodes from pelvis and inguinal nodes

common iliac nodes from external/interal

lumbar nodes from common iliac

45
Q

nerves general

A
  1. lumbosacral trunk (L4-5)
  2. obturator (L2-4)
  3. accessory obturator (L3-4)
  4. sacral plexus (L4-S4)
  5. coccygeal plexus (S4-5)
46
Q

sacral plexus

A
  1. sciatic (L4-S3)
  2. pudendal (S2-4)
  3. superior gluteal (L4-S1)
  4. inferior gluteal (L5-S2)
47
Q

sciatic nerve

A

L4-S3
-exits pelvis via greater sciatic foramen
-supplies lower limb
-anterior and posterior

48
Q

pudendal

A

S2-4
-exit pelvis via greater sciatic then enters perineum via lesser sciatic
-supply skina nd muscles of perineum, main sensory for external genitalia
-anterior

49
Q

superior gluteal

A

L4-S1
exit pelvis via greater sciatic
supply gluteus medius + minimus + tensor fascia latae
posterior division

50
Q

inferior gluteal

A

L5-S2
exit pelvis via greater sciatic
supply gluteus maximus
posterior division

51
Q

coccygeal plexus

A

small plexus from ventral rami of S4-5 + coccygeal nerves

52
Q

sympathetics pathways

A

from T11-L2
4 ganglia bilaterally converge @ ganglion impar/end of trunk
-thru lumbar and sacral splanchnics
-synapse @ inferior mesenteric ganglion
-postsynaptics thru hypogastrics (superior, R/L, inferior)
-follow pelvic arteries to target organs

Fall-Anatomy Year 1 (17 decks)

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