Anterior and Medial Thigh (7)

Question 1

anterior compartment muscles

Answer 1

1. hip flexors
2. quadriceps femoris (extend knee)

Question 2

anterior compartment

inn/vasc

Answer 2

femoral N (post L2-4)

femoral A (main) + deep femoral + lateral circumflex femoral

Question 3

quadriceps femoris muscles

Answer 3

1. rectus femoris (og AIIS)
2. vastus lateralis
3. vastus intermedius
4. vastus medialis

all vastus og @ anterior femur
common insert @ anterior tibial

Question 4

quadriceps femoris

inn/vasc common

Answer 4

femoral N

deep femoral A and lateral circumflex A (except medialis/VML)

Question 5

vastus medialis parts

Answer 5

1. longus/VML- extend knee, fascicles vertical
2. obliquus- horizontal fibers to stabilize patella

Question 6

quadriceps tendon

Answer 6

all 4 muscles merge distally to form so tibial insertion of quads is indirect

-patella bone ossifies within

Question 7

patella function

Answer 7

-changes angle of tendon insertion as crosses the knee
-improve mechanical efficiency of quads in extension
-covers/protects knee joint

Question 8

patella structure

Answer 8

broad/flat base @superior edge + pointy apex @inferior + lateral facet (larger on post side)

Question 9

hip flexors muscles

Answer 9

1. iliopsoas > prox femur
2. pectineus > prox femur
3. sartorius > prox tibia

all og @ ilium

Question 10

iliopsoas

Answer 10

combo of iliacus (femoral N) + psoas major (L1-3 ventral rami)

insert @ lesser trochanter femur

main hip flexor, posture/stability, flex trunk when lower limb fixed

vasc: iliolumbar A

connects femur, spine, pelvis

Question 11

sartorius

Answer 11

“seatbelt” wraps around thigh

og @ ASIS > prox medial tibia

Question 12

pectineus

Answer 12

og @ superior pubic ramus (anterior ) > pectineal line femur

hip flexion + adduction

Question 13

pectineus

inn/vasc

Answer 13

femoral N or dual in from femoral + obturator OR obturator alone

medial circumflex femoral A + obturator A

Question 14

adductor group

Answer 14

pubis > femur

obturator N (ant L2-4)

obturator A (main)
+deep femoral A + medial circumflex femoral A

Question 15

adductor longus

Answer 15

superficial to brevis

og @ body of pubis > linea aspera

obturator N + deep fem A and medial circumflex fem A

Question 16

adductor brevis

Answer 16

deep to longus and pectineus

og @ inferior pubic body > pectineal line and linea aspera

adduct + weak hip flexion

obturator N + deep fem A/medial circumflex fem A/obturator A

obturator N and A split into ant/post branches above

Question 17

adductor magnus

Answer 17

two parts
1. adductor part (AMA) adduct + flexion hip
-obturator N
2. hamstring part (AMH) adduct + extend hip
-tibial div of sciatic N

adductor hiatus @ inferior end for femoral A and V passage

Question 18

gracilis

Answer 18

most superficial, medial, weakest adductor but also weak knee flexion

og @ inferior pubic ramis > pes anserinus

obturator N + deep femoral A/medial circumflex A/obturator A

Question 19

obturator externus

Answer 19

@deep gluteal region

og @ margins of obturator foramen > trochanteric fossa femur

laterally rotate hip + adduct

obturator N + medial circumflex femoral A/ obturator A

Question 20

femoral triangle contents

Answer 20

femoral N/A/V
great saphenous V
deep femoral V
deep inguinal lymph nodes

Question 21

femoral triangle

Answer 21

contains blood vessels and nerves that supply anterior thigh

borders: sartorius + inguinal lig + adductor longus
floor: iliopsoas + pectineus
roof: fascia lata/cribiform fascia + superficial fascia

Question 22

retroinguinal space

Answer 22

two compartments div by iliopectineal arch
1. muscular- iliopsoas + femoral N + lateral femoral cutaneous N
2. vascular- femoral A/V

Question 23

femoral sheath

Answer 23

tube of fascia surrounding vasculature of retroinguinal space except femoral N

3 compartments:
1. lateral = femoral A
2. intermed = femoral V
3. medial = femoral canal

proximal opening = femoral ring

Question 24

adductor canal

aka subsartorial

Answer 24

under sartorius inferior to femoral triangle

adductor hiatus = end point

Question 25

deep branches of femoral A

Answer 25

1. deep external pudendal A 2. lateral and medial circumflex femorals -medial = head and neck of femur -lateral = splits into ascending and transverse (hip) and descending (lateral anterior compartment) branches 3. perforating branches (to post compartment)

Question 26

obturator A

Answer 26

from internal iliac A obturator canal > medial compartment thigh > div ant/post branches (will anastomose w/each other = cruciate anastomosis)

Question 27

femoral A

Answer 27

main supply to lower limb (esp deep femoral A) external iliac A > femoral A > popliteal A

Question 28

cruciate anastomosis

Answer 28

major of hip region in case femoral A or deep fem blocked contributors: -perforating A + medial and lateral circumflex femoral A + inferior gluteal + branches obturator A

Question 29

genicular anastomosis

Answer 29

in case popliteal A gets blocked

Question 30

deep veins

Answer 30

1. femoral V 2. deep femoral V 3. obturator V

Question 31

superficial fascia of femoral triangle

Answer 31

1. great saphenous V- drains medial foot/leg/ant and post thigh into femoral V 2. superficial inguinal lymph node

Question 32

femoral N

Answer 32

all ant compartment motor and cutaneous except psoas major enters via retroinguinal space NOT sheath

Question 33

obturator N

Answer 33

motor to medial compartment except AMH enters via obturator foramen > will split ant/post above brevis

Question 34

cutaneous innervation | whole ant compartment

Answer 34

1. lateral femoral cutaneous= skin lat thigh, post L2-4 2. femoral of genitofemoral= skin over fem triangle 3. anterior femoral cutaneous = proximal half of medial thigh AND intermed femoral for anterior thigh 4. spahenous N = skin over patella + medial half of leg and foot 5. obturator N = distal half of medial thigh