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Fall-Anatomy Year 1 > Ankle and Foot Joints > Flashcards

Ankle and Foot Joints Flashcards

1
Q

tibiofibular joints

A
  1. superior tibiofibular
  2. interosseous membrane
  3. inferior tibiofibular joint/syndesmosis
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2
Q

ligament functions

of tibiofibular joints

A
  1. keep fibula attached and aligned with tibia
  2. resist downward pull of muscles that attach to fibula
  3. allow fibula to move upward during dorsiflexion
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3
Q

superior tibiofibular joint

A

synovial plane for gliding during dorsiflexion but cannot move independent of inferior
-has open synovial cavity

flat facets on fibular head + postlat tibial condyle

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4
Q

interosseous membrane

A

connects shafts of tib and fib

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5
Q

inferior tibiofibular joint

A

aka tibiofibular syndesmosis

moves very slightly during dorsiflex to accomodate trochlea of talus so essential for stability
-holds lateral malleolus tight to talus

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6
Q

ankle joint

function

A

bears weight @ point where transfer from leg to foot

dorsiflex and plantarflex

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7
Q

bones of ankle joint

A

malleolar mortise = deep socket for trochlea, 3 bones + ligs

tibia-talus articulates @ inferior surface tibia w/trochlea and medial malleolus tibia w/medial talus

fibula-talus articulates @ lateral malleolus and lat trochlea

trochlea aka talus

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8
Q

ankle joint

mechanics

A

synovial hinge joint

greater ROM plantarflexing than dorsiflexing bc wedge shape talus so also have small movements bc looser

ab/adduction/inversion/eversion

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9
Q

stabilizing ligaments

ankle

A
  1. posterior tibiofibular
  2. medial aka delta/deltoid with 4 parts
  3. lateral with 3 parts
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10
Q

posterior tibiofibular ligament

A

part of inferior tibiofibular joint

posterior wall of malleolar mortis

prevents post disolcation of talus relative to tibia + stabilize during dorsi/plantarflexion

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11
Q

medial/deltoid ligament

ankle

A

parts:
1. anterior tibiotalar
2. tibiocalcaneal
3. tibionavicular
4. posterior tibiotalar

stable during eversion + prevent medial ankle subluxation

stronger than lateral lig

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12
Q

lateral ligament

ankle

A

parts:
1. anterior talofibular
2. calcanealfibular
3. posterior talofibular

stable during inversion + prevent lateral ankle subluxation

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13
Q

ankle sprains

A

almost always inversion of weight bearing/plantarflexed foot

usually lateral lig esp partial or complete tear of anterior talofibular (ATFL)

severe sprains = fracture or shear off lateral malleolus

sprain = torn ligament fibers

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14
Q

sprain tests

A
  1. anterior drawer: ATFL, better when more acute, test anterior subluxation
  2. talar tilt: ATFL + calcaneofibular lig, look for xs mobility
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15
Q

pott fracture

A

eversion injury
1. studden strong eversion pulls on medial ligs
2. shear tip of medial malleolus so not connected to tibia anymore
3. talus shifts laterally and stresses lateral lig
4. distal fibula fractures and/or lateral mallelous sheared from fibula (post tibfib lig)
5. sometimes can fracture posterior mallelous of tibia (where post tibfib attaches) = trimalleolar fracture

worry about compartment syndrome or cut off blood supply

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16
Q

tarsal tunnel syndrome

A

impinge tibial N from flexor retinaculum

-edema bc no room in tunnel
-affects medial and lateral plantar N too so intrinsic muscles and skin of sole out
-can affect medial calcaneal N but dep where split is, skin of heel out

17
Q

invert/evert foot joints

A
  1. subtalar
  2. transverse tarsal
18
Q

blood supply ankle joint

basics

A

anastomosis around ankle and all 3 major A contribute
-ant/post tibial A + fibular A

19
Q

innervation of ankle joint

A

branches of deep fibular N and tibial N

20
Q

little movement foot joitns

A
  1. tarsometatarsal - TMT
  2. intermetatarsal
21
Q

flex/extend toes joints

A
  1. metatarsophalangeal- MTP
  2. interphalangeal- DIP and PIP
22
Q

subtalar joint

aka talocalcaneal

A

synovial plane joint for weak gliding of talus on calcaneal
-slide during inversion/eversion

reinforced by 4 talocalcaneal ligs (medial/lat/post/interosseous) since weak

interosseous is most important

23
Q

transverse tarsal joint

A

main joint for inversion/eversion and circumduction of foot

compound joint aka has lateral plane joint + medial ball and socket
-lateral = calcaneocuboid
-medial = talonavicular

reinforced by calcaneocuboid (plantar ligs + fibularis longus tendon) and talonavicular lig (spring)

24
Q

tarsometatarsal joint

A

5 TMT joints combined = lisfranc joint
@ cuneiforms + cuboid > MT

little movement, gliding vs ant tarsals as weight redistributes

each joint has own capsule, reinforced by TMT ligs

lisfranc injury if dislocation at 1+ TMT joints

25
Q

metatarsophalangeal joints

A

5 MTP joints @ MT > proximal phalanges
-each has own capsule reinforced by collateral @sides and plantar ligs @inferior

synovial condyloid so does all actions

26
Q

bunion

A

hallux valgus - MT 1 misaligns, TMT and MTP joints change angle

extra lump of bone is head of MT1 not growth

27
Q

interphalangeal joints

A

PIP and DIPs

hinge joints so only flex/extend

rein by plantar @inferior and collateral @sides ligs

28
Q

arches of foot

function

A

inc capacity for weight bearing, shock absorption, propulsion when walking erect posture

spread forces to reduce wear/tear

29
Q

3 arches of foot

A
  1. medial longitudinal, main arch, high
  2. lateral longitudinal arch, flatter
  3. transverse arch
30
Q

spring ligament

A

aka plantar calcaneonavicular

supports talonavicular joint by 2 tight fitting slings crossing

medial longitudinal arch

31
Q

medial longitudinal arch

contents

A

phalanges and MTs of I-III
+ most midfoot tarsals
+ talus
+ calcaneus

keystone head of talus,

32
Q

lateral longitudinal arch

A

calcaneus + MTs + phalanges IV-V

keystone cuboid

supported by long and short plantar ligs and aponeurosis

33
Q

transverse arch

A

cuneiform bones + cuboid
supported by tendons of tibialis post and fibularis longus

keystone intermediate cuneiform

Fall-Anatomy Year 1 (17 decks)

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