Abdominal Wall Flashcards
quadrants
cross sections
right lower
right upper
left lower
left upper
regions
sagittal and horizontal
R hypochondriac>epigastric> L hypochondriac
R lumbar > umbilical > L lumbar
R iliac > hypogastric > L iliac
bones of pelvis
ilium
ischium
pubis
boundaries of abdominal cavity
costal arch (rib 6-10) + xyphoid process
to
iliac crest + inguinal ligament
inguinal ligament
from ASIS to pubic tubercule
function of abdominal wall
protect/stabilize contents
trunk rotation and flexion
maintain/control intra-ab pressure (parturition/defacation)
respiration
layers of anterior abdominal wall
skin
subcutaneous fascia
muscular layers w/aponeurotic fascia
transversalis fascia
peritoneum (parietal)
subcutaneous = campers (fat) and scarpas (thin serous fascia)
superficial fascia layers
campers = adipose with cutaneous nerves and blood vessels
scarpas= deep to campers, becomes dartos in scrotum and colles in perineum
external oblique
most superficial
fibers run down to center “hands in pockets”
external oblique O and I
ribs 5-12
to
linea alba + pubic tubercule + ant half iliac crest
internal oblique
deep to external oblique
fibers run up to center “hands in gloves”
internal oblique
O and I
thoracolumbar fascia + 2/3 iliac crest + lateral 1/2 inguinal lig
to
inferior rib 10-12 + linea alba + pecten pubis (conjoint tendon)
rectus abdominis
stereotypical abs
separated by tendonus intersections
deep to external aponeurosis
rectus abdominis
O and I
pubic symphysis + pubic crest
to
xyphoid process + ribs 5-7
transversus abdominis
TA
deepest muscle
fibers wrap back to front
transversus abdominis
O and I
ribs 7-12 internally + TL fascia + iliac crest + lateral 1/3 inguinal lig
to
linea alba w/ aponeurosis of internal oblique +
pubic crest + pecten pubis (conjoint tendon)
rectus sheath
contents
aponeuroses of:
external + internal + transversus
surround rectus abdominus
arcuate line
horizontal line dividing posterior layer of rectus sheath (inside of ab wall)
below arculate line
all the aponeuroses in rectus sheath go above/in front (rather than split)
behind left less protected bc only thin fascia and perioteum = hernias
layers of abdominal wall
order
- epidermis/skin
- camper’s fascia/fat
- scarpa’s fascia
- external oblique
- internal oblique
- rectus abdominus
- transversus abdominis
- transversalis fascia
- parietal peritoneum
internal oblique and rectus at same level
innervation
- intercostal nerves > thoracoabdominal when cross costal cartilage
- lateral cutaneous branch
- anterior cutaneous branch
- iliohypograstric
- ilioinguinal
lateral and anterior cutaneous
muscles and skin b/t iliac crest and umbilicus
from T12
iliohypogastric
nerve
from L1
skin over iliac crest/upper inguinal and hypogastric region/internal oblique/transverse abdominis
runs too low to innervate external oblique
ilioinguinal
from L1
skin of scrotum or labia majus/mons pubis + adj thigh regions + most inferior internal oblique and transversus
superior blood supply
from internal thoracic and aorta
superior epigastric
musculophrenic
intercostal/subcostal
lumbar arteries
inferior blood supply
from external iliac and femoral
inferior epigastric
superficial epigastric
superficial circumflex iliac
deep vessel supply
from external iliac
deep circumflex
inferior epigastric
superior epigastric
anastomose
inferior epigastrics
epigastrics go together
musculophrenic
anastomose w/
ascending branch deep circumflex iliac
