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Fall-Anatomy Year 1 > Foot > Flashcards

Foot Flashcards

1
Q

bones of foot

A
  1. tarsals
  2. metatarsals (1/digit)
  3. phalanges (proximal/middle/distal)
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2
Q

tarsal bones

A
  1. calcaneus (heel)
  2. talus
  3. cuneiform (lateral + intermediate + medial)
  4. cuboid
  5. navicular

my insanely large cucumber never touches carrots

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3
Q

sesamoids

A

@sole/plantar foot, MT1

2 of them-forms within tendons of flexor hallucis brevis muscle

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4
Q

foot divisions

A
  1. forefoot (phalanges + MTs)
  2. midfoot (cuneiforms + cuboid + navicular)
  3. hindfoot = calcaneus + talus
  4. tarsus = all tarsals (midfoot + hindfoot)
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5
Q

joints

A

tarsometatarsal/lisfranc = div fore/mid foot

trasverse tarsal/midtarsal = div mid/hintfoot

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6
Q

talus structure

A

head
neck
trochlea “pulley”

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7
Q

calcaneus bony features

A

calacneal tuberosity = achilles tendon insert, most weight bearing

articular surfaces= for cuboid bone and talas (@post, middle, anterior)
-sustentaculum tali/talar shelf: support head of talus and has groove for flexor hallucis longus tendon

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8
Q

superficial fascia + skin

A

thin + loose CT fascia

dorsum = not much fat, thin skin, fewer lymph vessels
sole = fat lobules in compartments separated by dense CT,

dorsum is more susceptible to edema than sole near lat malleolus

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9
Q

deep fascia

A

aka dorsalis fascia

cont w/ crural and plantar fascia

very thin except where extensor retinacula

tendons/arteries/nerves from ant leg run deep to dorsalis fascia

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10
Q

compartments

A
  1. dorsal
  2. interosseous
  3. medial (sole)
  4. central (sole)
  5. lateral (sole)
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11
Q

interosseous compartment

A

boundaries: surrounded by dorsal + plantar interosseous fascia

has MT bones + dorsal and plantar interosseous muscles + deep plantar and deep MT vessels

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12
Q

dorsal compartment

A

boundaries: dorsal fascia + tarsal bones + dorsal interosseous fascia of mid/forefoot

contents: muscles + neurovasculature

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13
Q

foot muscles

intrinsic

A

20 intrinsic (og on foot > in distally on foot)
- 2 dorsal
- 4 intermediate
- 14 plantar/sole

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14
Q

extrinsic muscles

A
  1. extensor hallucis longus (will split 3 ways)
  2. extensor digitorum longus

extend toes + assist dorsiflexion

og @ant leg > cross ankle > insert on foot so only tendons in dorsum/sole

both og in anterior compartment

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15
Q

intrinsic dorsum muscles

A
  1. extensor hallucis brevis (distally)
  2. extensor digitorum brevis (II-IV proximally)

both og @ superolateral surface of calcaneus > EDB will insert on EDL

inn by deep fibular N
blood by dorsalis pedis A (+branches= arcuate, lateral tarsal, fibular A)

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16
Q

deep fibular nerve

A

sciatic > common fib > deep fibular/peroneal N
-lateral branch (motor only) + medial branch (motor and cut, runs w/ dorsalis pedis A and MT1 A)

supplies muscles of anterior leg then cross under extensor retinacula to supply both intrinsic and extrinsic dorsum muscles

17
Q

cutaneous innervation

A
  1. saphenous N (from femoral, medial ankle)
  2. lateral dorsal cutaneous (from sural N)
  3. superficial fibular (from common fib, majority of dorsum, flip flops)
  4. deep fibular (from common fib, flip flop triangle b/t I and II)
18
Q

superficial fibular N

A

branches into medial + intermediate dorsal cut N > common > proper dorsal digital N

motor = fibularis longus and brevis, eversion bc @lateral leg

cutaneous = distal 1/3 @anterolateral leg and most dorsum

19
Q

dermatome testing

A

L4/L5/S1 test on medial/middle/lateral respectively with filament

also test cutaneous superficial fibular nerve same way

20
Q

arteries

A

anterior tibial A > dorsalis pedis A as cross ankle

branches:
-1 lateral tarsal A (big guy)
-2 medial tarsal A
-arcuate A (big, ARCs across to join lateral)
-deep plantar (to sole, deep plantar arch)
-1st dorsal metatarsal A

21
Q

1st dorsal metatarsal A

A

to medial side of digit I

ends by splitting into 2nd and 3rd dorsal digital As

22
Q

arcuate A branches

A
  1. 3 dorsal metatarsal As > each give off 2 dorsal digital As (digits II-IV)
  2. 10th dorsal digital A to lat side of digit V

anastomoses w/ 3 perforating branches of deep plantar arch

terminates in anastomosis w/ lateral tarsal A

23
Q

dorsalis pedis pulse

A

runs lateral to EHL tendon but not easy to find

weak/absent can suggest blockage of anterior tibial or vascular insufficiency from peripheral arterial disease

24
Q

5 P’s of acute arterial occlusion

A
  1. pain
  2. pallor
  3. paraesthesia
  4. paralysis
  5. pulselessness
25
Q

deep veins

A

deep to dorsalis fasica in accompanying vein form

flow greatly improves when walking or moving feet

26
Q

superficial veins

A

superficial to dorsalis fascia but not paired

1.10 dorsal digital >
2.4 dorsal metatarsal >
3.dorsal venous arch >
4.medial marginal (>great saph) + lateral marginal (>lesser saph)

dorsal venous network highly variable

27
Q

lymphatic drainage

A

Fall-Anatomy Year 1 (17 decks)

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