Abdominal Cavity Flashcards
common bile duct
formed by
cystic duct from gall bladder
hepatic duct from liver
parts of stomach
superior= fundus
cardiac portion (to the R of fundus portion, small)
body
inferior= pylorus
lesser curvature = medial
greater curvature = lateral
Left to right
Superior duodenum
Horizontal duodenum
Ascending duodenum (first part of sm intestine)
Left to Right
Pancreas
Head > body > tail
Deep to stomach
greater omentum
aka fatty apron
derived from dorsal mesentary (even tho it’s ventral)
smobile parts of large intestine
transverse
sigmoid ( > rectum > anus)
rest of large intestine attached to body wall
flow thru large intestine
structurally
ascending colon
right/hepatic colic flexure
transverse
left/splenic colic flexure
descending colon
sigmoid colon
small intestine
structures
duodenum
jejunum
ileum
meeting of ileum and ascending colon
caecum
pouch like
vermiform appendix comes off
large intestine
structure
taenia coli= muscular band thru middle
haustra= bubbles/pouches separated by semilunar compartments
epiploic appendices = fat pouches hang off
intraperitoneal organs
mesenteric relations
stomach, first and last duodenum, gall bladder, transverse colon, jejunum, ileum, sigmoid colon, appendix
only attched to body wall via dorsal mesentary move freely
secondarily retroperitoneal organs
mesenteric relations
ascending and descending colon, pancreas, middle duodenum
started mobile then got stuck behind body wall
pussy cat dolls
primary retroperitoneal organs
aorta, kidneys
thoracic esophagus, rectum, anal canal
started and stayed behind body wall
at the beginning and end of digestive tract
everything b/t started free
gut divisions
foregut
midgut
hindgut
foregut
esophagus > 1st part duodenum
aka initial digestion
blood from celiac trunk
midgut
duodenum > 2/3 transverse colon
aka most of intestines
blood from superior mesenteric artery
hindgut
last 1/3 transverse colon > anus
end of digestion
blood from inferior mesenteric artery
branches of celiac trunk
foregut
to the R: common hepatic (liver)
to the L: L. gastric (lesser curve) and splenic (spleen)
branches of common hepatic
foregut
gastrodeuodenal (behind stomach and duo) > superior pancreaticoduodenal (pan and duo) and R. gastro-omental (greater curver)
R gastric (lesser curve)
proper hepatic > R and L hepatic
R hepatic > cystic
branches from splenic artery
L. gastro-omental (greater curve)
foregut anastomoses
R and L gastrics in lesser curve
R and L gastro-omental in greater
branches of superior mesenteric
midgut
to the L: lots of intestinal arteries
to the R: inferior pancreaticodeodenal, R colic (lg intestine), marginal (more lateral), middle colic, ileocolic (down to junction)
vasa rectae: straight vessels, off of marginal and intestinal
arcades: loops off of intestinal
marginal very important for collateral circulation
branches of inferior mesenteric
hindgut
L colic
sigmoid
superior rectal
L colic joines with marginal
rectum/anal circulation
inferior, middle rectal arteries from internal iliac artery
for collateral circulation
general portal vein flow
portal = 2 capillary beds
1. gut (cap 1)
2. liver (cap 2)
3. heart
hepatic portal vein flow
splenic + inferior mesenteric + superior mesenteric >
hepatic portal vein >
hepatic vein >
inferior vena cava >
heart
rectum/anal venous flow
inferior rectal
middle rectal
internal iliac
common iliac (internal + external)
inferior vena cava
alcohol thru rectum not detoxed by liver
hepatic portal tributaries
esophageal
paraumbilical
rectal
retroperitoneal
if backed up = portal hypertension
esophageal varices
build up of venous blood
look like beads
can burst and drown people
rectum hemorrhoids
internal or external to anus
only external from portal hypertension
same thing as varices just called different
caput medusae
build up in umbilical region
looks like snakes under skin
foregut innervations
sympathetics
T5-9
sympathetic chain > greater splanchnic nerve > synapse in celiac ganglia > target organs via branches of celiac trunk
visceral afferent also sympathetic (pressure, chemoreceptor)
foregut innervations
parasympathetic
vagus C10
celiac plexus > celiac trunk follow > synapse in ganglia in gut plexus > short post synaptic fibers > target organ
midgut innervations
sympathetic
T10-T12
sympathetic trunk > lesser splanchnic (10-11) or least splanchnic (12) > synapse @ superior mesenteric ganglion > branches of SMA > organs
midgut innervations
parasympathetic
vagus
SM plexus > SMA branches > synapse @ ganglia in gut plexus > short post syn fibers > target organ
same as foregut
hindgut innervations
sympathetics
L1-2
sympathetic trunk > lumbar splanchnic nerves > synapse @ inferior mesenteric ganglion > IMA branches> target organ
hindgut innervation
parasympathetic
S2-4
pelvic splanchnic nerves > IMA branches > synapse @ ganglia in gut plexus > short post synaptic fibers > target organs